{"id":27216,"date":"2023-01-02T10:18:10","date_gmt":"2023-01-02T09:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/?p=27216"},"modified":"2023-01-03T10:55:01","modified_gmt":"2023-01-03T09:55:01","slug":"pap-marek-kuchcinski-o-europie-karpat-polityka-na-miekko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/sk\/wydarzenia\/pap-marek-kuchcinski-o-europie-karpat-polityka-na-miekko\/","title":{"rendered":"PAP. Marek Kuchci\u0144ski o Eur\u00f3pe Karp\u00e1t: M\u00e4kk\u00e1 politika"},"content":{"rendered":"

PAP: Roky ste pilotovali program s n\u00e1zvom Eur\u00f3pa Karp\u00e1t, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je v skratke posilni\u0165 spolupr\u00e1cu medzi stredoeur\u00f3pskymi krajinami. N\u00e1pad je to pekn\u00fd, no zauj\u00edmalo by ma, \u010di je to re\u00e1lne. Aj Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania bola kr\u00e1sna predstava o vz\u00e1jomnej spolupr\u00e1ci n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, no uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee protichodn\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u00edn t\u00fato spolupr\u00e1cu ve\u013emi s\u0165a\u017eovali. Neboj\u00edte sa, \u017ee Eur\u00f3pa Karp\u00e1t m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 rovnak\u00e1? Ve\u010f vieme, \u017ee napr\u00edklad z\u00e1ujmy Ma\u010farska \u010di Srbska s\u00fa in\u00e9 ako povedzme Po\u013eska \u010di Rumunska.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marek Kuchci\u0144ski: A to je v\u00fdzva \u2013 posilni\u0165 spolupr\u00e1cu eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zachova\u0165 ich r\u00f4znorod\u00e9 bohatstvo a h\u013eada\u0165 rie\u0161enie v oblastiach, kde je t\u00e1to spolupr\u00e1ca n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Realita je navy\u0161e ve\u013emi premenliv\u00e1, napokon Slovensko bolo doned\u00e1vna pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za prorusk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t a dnes patr\u00ed ku krajin\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 najviac podporuj\u00fa Ukrajinu, a to aj po vojenskej str\u00e1nke. Rovnako aj \u010cesk\u00e1 republika. Bez oh\u013eadu na niekedy \u0165a\u017eko pochopite\u013en\u00e9 dianie v s\u00fa\u010dasnej politike, v strednej Eur\u00f3pe sa v posledn\u00fdch rokoch rozv\u00edja povedomie o vz\u00e1jomnej z\u00e1vislosti kraj\u00edn tohto regi\u00f3nu, kde \u00faspech niektor\u00fdch kraj\u00edn znamen\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed \u010di men\u0161\u00ed \u00faspech, ale st\u00e1le in\u00fdch. Je to ve\u013ek\u00fd kapit\u00e1l do bud\u00facnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vr\u00e1\u0165me sa k Eur\u00f3pe Karp\u00e1t - cie\u013e tejto iniciat\u00edvy bol trochu abstraktn\u00fd a nazvime to m\u00e4kk\u00fd - umo\u017eni\u0165 stretnutia a poz\u00fdvanie r\u00f4znych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed, prostred\u00ed a jednotlivcov z \u00f4smich stredoeur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sa v Karpatoch k spolupr\u00e1ci. Sp\u00e1ja n\u00e1s nielen geografia a \u00fazemie, ale aj spolo\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my soci\u00e1lneho, pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho, komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho a rozvojov\u00e9ho charakteru. Tieto prepojenia s\u00fa u\u017e dos\u0165 siln\u00e9, ak vezmeme do \u00favahy, \u017ee konferencie Karpatskej Eur\u00f3py sa konaj\u00fa pravidelne u\u017e 2 desa\u0165ro\u010dia, \u010do z tohto podujatia rob\u00ed jedno z najstar\u0161\u00edch v regi\u00f3ne, ba dokonca aj v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hist\u00f3ria s\u00edce ukazuje, \u017ee sa Karpaty niekedy oddelili, \u00faspe\u0161ne br\u00e1nili t\u00fdch, \u010do \u017eij\u00fa na juhu pred r\u00f4znymi n\u00e1jazdmi zo severu \u010di v\u00fdchodu, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 tieto hory sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa \u2013 pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li z\u00e1ujmom. Uvediem dva pr\u00edklady. Po prv\u00e9: \u017eiadna z kraj\u00edn nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sa v tejto oblasti nebude schopn\u00e1 sama zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 \u2013 z viacgenera\u010dnej perspekt\u00edvy \u2013 zabezpe\u010denie pitnej vody pre svoju spolo\u010dnos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Karpaty s\u00fa z\u00e1sob\u00e1r\u0148ou vody pre t\u00fato \u010das\u0165 Eur\u00f3py.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: \u00c1no, je. A iba medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00e9 zdroje tohto \u201estrategick\u00e9ho zdroja pre \u013eud\u00ed\u201c. A nejde len o zo\u0161liapnutie r\u00f4znych pl\u00f4ch \u2013 ako to vidno napr\u00edklad v Po\u013esku \u010di Ma\u010farsku, ale aj o zastavenie zni\u017eovania hlad\u00edn podzemn\u00fdch v\u00f4d, v\u010faka \u010domu bud\u00fa lesn\u00e9 plochy schopn\u00e9 zadr\u017eiava\u0165 vodu vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere ako v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti, resp. predch\u00e1dzanie katastrof\u00e1lnym povodniam.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00fd pr\u00edklad je politicky v\u010fa\u010dn\u00fd a ideologicky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd: ide o ochranu pr\u00edrody a krajiny. Karpaty s\u00fa oblas\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 je v celej Eur\u00f3pe najhojnej\u0161ia na r\u00f4zne druhy \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov a rastl\u00edn.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Je tu aj mno\u017estvo endemickej veget\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 sa nikde inde nevyskytuje.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: Preto ich treba chr\u00e1ni\u0165, a to nielen na obmedzen\u00fdch \u00fazemiach, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 parky, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa Tatransk\u00fd \u010di Bieszczadsk\u00fd park \u2013 asi jedin\u00e1 tripartitn\u00e1 biosf\u00e9rick\u00e1 rezerv\u00e1cia na svete, ktor\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dza v troch susedn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch \u2013 alebo delta Dunaja. Pod\u013ea m\u00f4jho n\u00e1zoru by v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u00fazemia Karp\u00e1t mala by\u0165 chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 ako pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 a kult\u00farne dedi\u010dstvo UNESCO. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 je e\u0161te jedna vec \u2013 Karpaty maj\u00fa neb\u00fdval\u00fa kult\u00farnu, jazykov\u00fa, etnick\u00fa a etnografick\u00fa rozmanitos\u0165. A tie\u017e jedin\u00e1 svetov\u00e1 sakr\u00e1lna dreven\u00e1 architekt\u00fara: kostoly a pravosl\u00e1vne kostoly, \u010dasto siahaj\u00face a\u017e do stredoveku. To si nev\u00e1\u017eime. Hovor\u00edme \u201eSlov\u00e1ci\u201c, \u201eMa\u010fari\u201c, \u201eUkrajinci\u201c, \u201ePoliaci\u201c, \u201e\u010cesi\u201c, \u201eRumuni\u201c, \u201eSrbi\u201c, \u201eChorv\u00e1ti\u201c, no medzi nimi s\u00fa tieto vrch\u00e1rske n\u00e1rody \u010di etnick\u00e9 skupiny ve\u013emi r\u00f4znorod\u00e9, aj jazykovo. To je jeden zo z\u00e1kladov bohatstva n\u00e1rodov strednej Eur\u00f3py.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Niekedy sta\u010d\u00ed \u00eds\u0165 z jednej dediny do druhej, aj v Po\u013esku, aby ste po\u010duli \u00faplne in\u00fd jazyk. Niektor\u00e9 "mazurka", in\u00e9 zm\u00e4kn\u00fa ...<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: A t\u00fato rozmanitos\u0165 by mali zabezpe\u010di\u0165 v prvom rade \u0161t\u00e1ty, ale aj medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie \u2013 pod\u013ea m\u0148a by UNESCO malo chr\u00e1ni\u0165 cel\u00e9 pohorie Karp\u00e1t: regi\u00f3ny Orawa, Spi\u0161, Podhala\u0144skie, S\u0105deckie ... kult\u00faru Lachov a horalov od Besk\u00fdd po rumunsk\u00fa Bukovinu ... Preto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 dedina je in\u00e1. Ak sa pozrieme na mapu Karp\u00e1t zhora, z ve\u013ekej dia\u013eky, uvid\u00edme, \u017ee t\u00e1to ve\u013ek\u00e1 rozmanitos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, pr\u00edrody a zvykov sa nach\u00e1dza na malom \u00fazem\u00ed. Viete, ko\u013eko nosite\u013eov Nobelovej ceny dala svetu stredn\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa? Takmer 80! Milan Kundera to vyjadril takto pekne: maxim\u00e1lna rozmanitos\u0165 na minim\u00e1lnom \u00fazem\u00ed. A tak to je. Ve\u013ek\u00e1 rozmanitos\u0165 v porovnan\u00ed napr\u00edklad s nemecky hovoriacou oblas\u0165ou alebo Ruskom.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Napriek tejto karpatskej rozmanitosti v\u0161ak poch\u00e1dzame od spolo\u010dn\u00fdch predkov \u2013 napr\u00edklad Huculov, ktor\u00ed chodili a zakladali osady.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: Valasi a Huculovia, to je pravda. Pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi som za\u017eil zauj\u00edmav\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu v okol\u00ed Hoverly (najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrch Besk\u00fdd - 2061 m n. m. - a najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrch Ukrajiny): ke\u010f sme s kamar\u00e1tom i\u0161li na horu, stretli sme Hucula. , horal vo fusaku, so sekerou za opaskom a hrubou palicou, kr\u00e1\u010daj\u00faci po horskom chodn\u00edku . Pozdravili sme ho po po\u013esky, on sa zastavil a za\u010dal sa s nami rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 l\u00e1manou \u201ehighlander Polish\u201c s madiarskym pr\u00edzvukom. Tak\u00e1 nezmyseln\u00e1, no zo sentiment\u00e1lnych d\u00f4vodov roztomil\u00e1 v\u00fdmena n\u00e1zorov typu \u201eidete na vrchol, priatelia? Je to dlh\u00e1 cesta... kedy sa vr\u00e1ti\u0161, at\u010f." Vincenzov duch je st\u00e1le tam! Podobn\u00fa pr\u00edhodu som mal koncom 70. rokov v Bieszczadoch na svahoch Otrytu, kde e\u0161te neboli chodn\u00edky a zjazdovky sa len za\u010dali stava\u0165. A pr\u00e1ve tak\u00e9to mal\u00e9 podujatia v spojen\u00ed s kr\u00e1sou a rozmanitos\u0165ou Karp\u00e1t n\u00e1s prin\u00fatili zamyslie\u0165 sa nad t\u00fdm, ako ich chr\u00e1ni\u0165. Aj t\u00fato n\u00e1dhern\u00fa pr\u00edrodu, krajinu, aby ich nezni\u010dila nepremyslen\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara. Rozhodli sme sa, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve z tejto strany mus\u00edme vst\u00fapi\u0165 do politiky.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: M\u00e4kk\u00fd?<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: \u00c1no, len jemne, bez vnucovania nejak\u00fdch konceptov vymyslen\u00fdch \u00faradn\u00edkmi a odborn\u00edkmi in\u00fdm, ale sk\u00f4r \u010derpa\u0165 od \u013eud\u00ed, in\u0161pirova\u0165 sa ich \u017eivotn\u00fdmi sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami, podnecova\u0165 v\u00fdmenu my\u0161lienok a n\u00e1padov. A to prin\u00e1\u0161a dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, preto\u017ee to umo\u017e\u0148uje zos\u00faladi\u0165 o\u010dak\u00e1vania obyvate\u013eov, ich prirodzen\u00fa potrebu \u017ei\u0165 v \u010distom a kr\u00e1snom prostred\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pln\u0161ie realizova\u0165 politiku spolupr\u00e1ce medzi krajinami a regi\u00f3nmi. Toto je konzervat\u00edvny pr\u00edstup. Samozrejme, r\u00f4zne krajiny maj\u00fa r\u00f4zne, niekedy protichodn\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy \u2013 politick\u00e9, ekonomick\u00e9 \u2013, ale vo v\u0161eobecnosti to neplat\u00ed pre dlhodob\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, vr\u00e1tane ochrany pr\u00edrody, diverzity, starostlivosti o Karpaty.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Videli ste nejak\u00e9 \u00faspechy s\u00favisiace s touto \u201em\u00e4kkou\u201c karpatskou politikou? Lebo mne napad\u00e1 len Via Carpatia a karpatsk\u00fd redyk.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: Dokonca raz-dva som mal z\u00e1\u0161titu nad t\u00fdmito migr\u00e1ciami oviec v Karpatoch po Vala\u0161skom chodn\u00edku, je to skvel\u00e1 iniciat\u00edva. Ale s\u00fa tu aj in\u00e9, nemerate\u013en\u00e9 \u00faspechy, ako je budovanie kl\u00edmy a pozit\u00edvnej atmosf\u00e9ry pre spolupr\u00e1cu. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee Vy\u0161ehradsk\u00e1 \u0161tvorka sa po roku 2010 jednozna\u010dne posilnila, najm\u00e4 vo vz\u0165ahoch s Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou \u2013 pre na\u0161e vl\u00e1dy bolo jednoduch\u0161ie kona\u0165 spolo\u010dne, ke\u010f bola politick\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra pozit\u00edvna. Jej \u010fal\u0161\u00edm efektom je do ur\u010ditej miery Iniciat\u00edva troch mor\u00ed a vo v\u0161eobecnosti upriamenie pozornosti na spolupr\u00e1cu v strednej Eur\u00f3pe na severoju\u017enej l\u00ednii, prekra\u010duj\u00facej hranice E\u00da, Schengenu \u010di euroz\u00f3ny. Dlh\u00e9 roky rozv\u00edjame vz\u0165ahy s Ukrajinou. Chceli sme spolupr\u00e1cu nielen medzi vl\u00e1dami, prezidentmi, parlamentmi, ale aj na r\u00f4znych in\u00fdch \u00farovniach \u2013 miestnymi org\u00e1nmi, mimovl\u00e1dnymi organiz\u00e1ciami, samospr\u00e1vami, univerzitami, miestnymi a region\u00e1lnymi komunitami. S\u00fa to \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 stretnutia, tak\u00e9 bl\u00edzke. Pam\u00e4t\u00e1m si, ako v Karpatskej Eur\u00f3pe vo W\u0119gierskej G\u00f3rke mama bratov Golecov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vala, ako ich vychov\u00e1vala, ako viedla dom. Hovorila kr\u00e1snym miestnym jazykom a \u013eudia ju po\u010d\u00favali ako m\u00e1giu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Vedeli ste, \u017ee tento rok sa 21. apr\u00edla v obci W\u0119gierska G\u00f3rka konal jubilejn\u00fd 10. dikt\u00e1t dial\u00f3gu \u201eHoralsk\u00e1 d\u00f4stojnos\u0165 sa nikdy nestrat\u00ed\u201c. Horalovia si v\u00e1\u017eia svoj prejav, ale aj tanec a hudbu.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: Obyvatelia Karp\u00e1t s\u00fa hrd\u00ed na svoje dedi\u010dstvo, s\u00fa na\u0148 hrd\u00ed. Maj\u00fa e\u0161te jednu vec, ktor\u00fa si ve\u013emi v\u00e1\u017eim: ve\u013ek\u00fd re\u0161pekt k pr\u00edrode. V g\u00e9noch maj\u00fa vtla\u010den\u00e9, \u017ee ak \u017eijete v pr\u00edrode, mus\u00edte si ju chr\u00e1ni\u0165 a v\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 si ju, h\u013eada\u0165 v \u017eivote harm\u00f3niu a \u010derpa\u0165 in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu aj v umen\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Princ\u00edp trvalo udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9ho rozvoja je pre n\u00e1s v Pr\u00e1vo a spravodlivos\u0165 ch\u00e1pan\u00fd nielen ako rovnomern\u00fd rozvoj v\u0161etk\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov Po\u013eska, ale aj ako rovnov\u00e1ha medzi ekol\u00f3giou a ekonomikou. Nie v\u017edy sa n\u00e1m to dar\u00ed, ale sna\u017e\u00edme sa, sna\u017e\u00edme sa.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00e1 dobr\u00e1 kl\u00edma pre spolupr\u00e1cu je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 aj preto, \u017ee dodnes, v 21. storo\u010d\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165, ak\u00e9 dopady m\u00e1 na na\u0161e krajiny dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9 zotrvanie v rus\u00ednskej z\u00f3ne: doned\u00e1vna sa na\u0161a spolupr\u00e1ca obmedzovala v podstate na lok\u00e1lne z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, pozreli sme na seba podozrievavo. Sovietska okup\u00e1cia sp\u00f4sobila, \u017ee sme stratili vedomie o na\u0161om dlhoro\u010dnom susedstve a spolo\u010dnej hist\u00f3rii. Teraz je mo\u017en\u00e9 a potrebn\u00e9 prebudova\u0165 t\u00fato stredoeur\u00f3psku identitu a tak\u00e9to neform\u00e1lne stretnutia s\u00fa na to vhodnou pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165ou. Konferencie Eur\u00f3py Karp\u00e1t u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa stretnutia a dial\u00f3g, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hranice u\u017e nie s\u00fa psychologickou bari\u00e9rou. V\u0161etko je v\u0161ak e\u0161te pred nami, preto\u017ee toto je pr\u00e1ca pre gener\u00e1cie \u2013 dosiahnu\u0165 situ\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 je v alpskej oblasti, na nemecko-franc\u00fazskej hranici alebo v krajin\u00e1ch Beneluxu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale u\u017e sme sa stihli vr\u00e1ti\u0165 k rozhovorom o budovan\u00ed spolo\u010dnej cestnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary v severo-ju\u017enej \u010dasti Eur\u00f3py - m\u00e1m na mysli Via Carpatia, ktorej my\u0161lienka bola ohl\u00e1sen\u00e1 za\u010diatkom 90-tych rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia. \u010dasu, aby sa k nemu vr\u00e1til v roku 2015. My\u0161lienka Via Carpatia sa spo\u010diatku nebrala v\u00e1\u017ene, \u010dasto som po\u010dul \u201enajprv mus\u00ed by\u0165 ekonomick\u00fd argument na jej vybudovanie\u201c, t. j. ko\u013eko \u00e1ut prejde touto cestou \u2013 v tom \u010dase medzi Lublinom a Rzesz\u00f3wom neexistovala r\u00fdchlostn\u00e1 cesta \u2013 aut\u00e1 prejd\u00fa denne. A uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee to nesta\u010d\u00ed na to, aby bola v\u00fdstavba dia\u013enice rentabiln\u00e1. Sna\u017eili sme sa vtedaj\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1dcov presved\u010di\u0165, \u017ee tento argument je druhorad\u00fd, treba najprv prija\u0165 politick\u00e9 rozhodnutie, lebo a\u017e ke\u010f postav\u00edme slu\u0161n\u00fa cestu, budeme sa m\u00f4c\u0165 bavi\u0165 o zv\u00fd\u0161enej doprave, pri\u010dom politicky ide o \u2013 po prv\u00e9 \u2013 sp\u00e1ja\u0165 severn\u00fa Eur\u00f3pu a pobaltsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty a po druh\u00e9 \u2013 vedie\u0165, \u017ee Via Carpatia bude vies\u0165 cez v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 Po\u013esko, t. j. ekonomicky menej rozvinut\u00e9 oblasti, premen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd kilometer dobrej cesty na trval\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 miesta \u2013 to bol n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdpo\u010det.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Via Carpatia nie je obmedzen\u00e1 len na jednu cestu.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: \u00c1no, m\u00e1 to by\u0165 jadro celej siete pobo\u010diek smeruj\u00facich napr\u00edklad do Gdanska \u010di Odesy. No nielen t\u00e1to cesta m\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja\u0165 sever s juhom Eur\u00f3py. My\u0161lienka, ktor\u00e1 sa u\u017e finalizuje, predpoklad\u00e1 aj vytvorenie vysokor\u00fdchlostnej \u017eeleznice Var\u0161ava-Brno-Bratislava-Budape\u0161\u0165 a potom mo\u017eno \u010falej a\u017e do Belehradu. Pre za\u010diatok sa do Budape\u0161ti dostanete autom za p\u00e1r hod\u00edn. V rak\u00fasko-uhorsk\u00fdch \u010dasoch ste sa z \u013dvova do Krakova dostali vlakom za tri hodiny, nehovoriac o Budape\u0161ti \u2013 hoci to bolo pred 100 rokmi \u2013 v\u0161ak? Dnes m\u00e1me ambici\u00f3zne pl\u00e1ny, chceme, aby \u010fal\u0161ie cesty a \u017eeleznice viedli cez Podkarpatsko a Malopo\u013esko na juh, napr\u00edklad v Malhowiciach, Nowom \u0141upkowe a Muszyne, cez Slovensko, Ma\u010farsko a \u010falej. \u00daspe\u0161n\u00e1 je aj v\u00fdstavba cesty S3 na juh v z\u00e1padnom Po\u013esku a vo W\u0119gierska G\u00f3rka, teda v \u015al\u0105sku \u017bywiecki a Cieszyne, dokon\u010dujeme dia\u013enicu na juh... \u00c1no, trv\u00e1 to ve\u013ea rokov a na\u0161ou \u00falohou je presved\u010di\u0165 vl\u00e1dy, ktor\u00e9 nie v\u017edy uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa tak\u00e9to projekty, aby na nich spolupracovali. Je to r\u00f4zne, napr\u00edklad s\u00fa probl\u00e9my so slovenskou vl\u00e1dou, ktor\u00e1 akosi v\u00e1ha, \u010di sa m\u00e1 zapoji\u0165 do Via Carpatia. Slov\u00e1ci zatia\u013e na najbli\u017e\u0161ie roky ods\u00favaj\u00fa dokon\u010denie v\u00fdstavby nieko\u013ekodesiatkilometrov\u00e9ho \u00faseku, ktor\u00fd s\u0165a\u017euje komunik\u00e1ciu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Mo\u017eno teraz, ke\u010f Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania uznala Via Carpatia ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa komunika\u010dn\u00fa cestu, sa za\u010dne v\u00fdstavba?<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: \u00c1no, m\u00f4\u017ee to Slov\u00e1kov povzbudi\u0165, preto\u017ee na to dostan\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie prostriedky - nieko\u013eko stoviek mili\u00f3nov eur, tak\u017ee to nebud\u00fa musie\u0165 postavi\u0165 z vlastn\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu, ale z eurofondov - a to je \u0161anca presved\u010di\u0165 Slovensk\u00ed priatelia, aby to urobili, aby t\u00e1to cesta bola prioritou.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: Ako s\u00favis\u00ed Eur\u00f3pa Karp\u00e1t s my\u0161lienkou Iniciat\u00edvy troch mor\u00ed?<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: Iniciat\u00edva troch mor\u00ed je organiz\u00e1cia zalo\u017een\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade dohody medzi vl\u00e1dami a prezidentmi 12 kraj\u00edn Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, v\u010faka ktorej vznikol fond na podporu projektov vytv\u00e1raj\u00facich dopravn\u00fa, energetick\u00fa a digit\u00e1lnu infra\u0161trukt\u00faru v regi\u00f3ne. Podporujeme ju aj v tom, aby sa otvorila krajin\u00e1m mimo E\u00da \u2013 Balk\u00e1nu a V\u00fdchodn\u00e9mu partnerstvu. Napriek tomu je Iniciat\u00edva troch mor\u00ed \u2013 3M \u2013 z\u00e1konom schv\u00e1len\u00fd subjekt a financovan\u00fd vo forme fondu, ktor\u00fd je \u010disto komer\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne \u0161t\u00e1tne dot\u00e1cie. Karpatsk\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa je na druhej strane platformou pre stretnutia a rozhovory na v\u0161etky t\u00e9my, \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 i \u013eahk\u00e9, kde m\u00f4\u017eete diskutova\u0165 a rokova\u0165 o r\u00f4znych probl\u00e9moch bez rigidn\u00fdch proced\u00far a diplomatick\u00fdch protokolov. Tento nedostatok formalizmu u\u013eah\u010duje dial\u00f3g a je v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1me, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti sa v E\u00da rie\u0161ia aj v z\u00e1kulis\u00ed, nie po\u010das stretnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa do z\u00e1pisn\u00edc. Okrem toho sa tento dial\u00f3g t\u00fdka aj kraj\u00edn mimo Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, ako je Ukrajina. V s\u00fa\u010dasnom kontexte ruskej agresie a vojny na Ukrajine je to obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee preto \u010fal\u0161ie stretnutie Eur\u00f3py Karp\u00e1t vo febru\u00e1ri bud\u00faceho roku bude e\u0161te d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, najm\u00e4 pre krajiny susediace s Ukrajinou.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PAP: M\u00e1 Po\u013esko ved\u00facu \u00falohu v Eur\u00f3pe Karp\u00e1t?<\/strong><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MK: V dejin\u00e1ch Po\u013eska, od za\u010diatku dynastie Piastovcov, je jedno obdobie z ekonomick\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00e9: \u010dasy Po\u013esko-litovsk\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva a potom na chv\u00ed\u013eu - Tri n\u00e1rody. Tento parlamentarizmus bol zalo\u017een\u00fd okrem in\u00e9ho na na rovnakom z\u00e1klade, slobodn\u00fd s vo\u013en\u00fdm. Ver\u00edm, \u017ee aj dnes m\u00f4\u017ee tento princ\u00edp prinies\u0165 najlep\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky v spolupr\u00e1ci kraj\u00edn strednej Eur\u00f3py. Ak by krajina mala pocit, \u017ee sa s \u0148ou zaobch\u00e1dza sekund\u00e1rne, rad\u0161ej by nebola ochotn\u00e1 spolupracova\u0165. V Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii bojujeme za to, aby na\u0161a \u010das\u0165 Eur\u00f3py vr\u00e1tane Po\u013eska nebola bran\u00e1 ako sekund\u00e1rny koloni\u00e1lny doplnok \u2013 chceme, aby sa k n\u00e1m pristupovalo ako k rovn\u00fdm a slobodn\u00fdm so slobodn\u00fdmi. Podobne v Eur\u00f3pe Karp\u00e1t. S\u00edce Slov\u00e1ci, \u010cesi, Ma\u010fari \u2013 tieto krajiny s\u00fa ove\u013ea men\u0161ie ako Po\u013esko, ale keby sme im dali najavo, \u017ee z tohto d\u00f4vodu by sme mali by\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed, na\u0161a spolupr\u00e1ca by sa nerozv\u00edjala. Nemci by mali viac v\u00fdhod ako my. Ale ke\u010f spolu spolupracujeme v strednej Eur\u00f3pe, hoci sme konkuren\u010dne jeden z najslab\u0161\u00edch regi\u00f3nov, rozv\u00edjame sa najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, a to aj v celosvetovom meradle!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Konferencia Eur\u00f3pa Karp\u00e1t, Krasiczyn, febru\u00e1r 2022, foto: M. Olejnik<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PAP: Od lat pilotuje pan program pod nazw\u0105 Europa Karpat, kt\u00f3ry, m\u00f3wi\u0105c w wielkim skr\u00f3cie, ma na celu zacie\u015bnienie wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy pa\u0144stw Europy \u015arodkowej. To pi\u0119kna idea, ale zastanawiam si\u0119, czy realna. Unia Europejska by\u0142a tak\u017ce pi\u0119kn\u0105 ide\u0105 wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105cych ze sob\u0105 pa\u0144stw narodowych, jednak okaza\u0142o si\u0119, \u017ce sprzeczne interesy poszczeg\u00f3lnych kraj\u00f3w bardzo t\u0119 wsp\u00f3\u0142prac\u0119 utrudniaj\u0105. Nie […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":27218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,78,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-badania-spoleczne","category-europa-karpat","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\nPAP. Marek Kuchci\u0144ski o Europie Karpat: Polityka na mi\u0119kko – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/sk\/wydarzenia\/pap-marek-kuchcinski-o-europie-karpat-polityka-na-miekko\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PAP. Marek Kuchci\u0144ski o Europie Karpat: Polityka na mi\u0119kko – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PAP: Od lat pilotuje pan program pod nazw\u0105 Europa Karpat, kt\u00f3ry, m\u00f3wi\u0105c w wielkim skr\u00f3cie, ma na celu zacie\u015bnienie wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy pa\u0144stw Europy \u015arodkowej. To pi\u0119kna idea, ale zastanawiam si\u0119, czy realna. Unia Europejska by\u0142a tak\u017ce pi\u0119kn\u0105 ide\u0105 wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105cych ze sob\u0105 pa\u0144stw narodowych, jednak okaza\u0142o si\u0119, \u017ce sprzeczne interesy poszczeg\u00f3lnych kraj\u00f3w bardzo t\u0119 wsp\u00f3\u0142prac\u0119 utrudniaj\u0105. 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