Spomienky na Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 povstanie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nAko plynul j\u00fal, v\u0161etci sme vedeli, \u017ee sa bl\u00ed\u017ei povstanie. Vedeli to aj Nemci. Vopred si pripravili bunkre, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzali v bl\u00edzkosti obsaden\u00fdch poz\u00edci\u00ed. Predpovedali sme, \u017ee Sovietom bude trva\u0165 len nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed, k\u00fdm sa dostan\u00fa k br\u00e1nam Var\u0161avy. Prv\u00fd poplach pri\u0161iel koncom j\u00fala. Priviedol som svojich troch velite\u013eov jednotiek do m\u00f4jho bytu na Spolo\u010dnej ulici 13. \u010cakali sme na telefon\u00e1t z velite\u013estva. Po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch nerv\u00f3zneho \u010dakania bol alarm odvolan\u00fd. V\u0161etci sa vr\u00e1tili do svojich domovov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010eal\u0161ie upozornenie bolo vydan\u00e9 1. augusta. Bolo rozhodnut\u00e9, \u017ee povstanie sa za\u010dne v \u010dase dopravnej \u0161pi\u010dky o piatej popoludn\u00ed. Davy Var\u0161av\u010danov vracaj\u00facich sa z pr\u00e1ce mali kry\u0165 povstalcov id\u00facich na svoje miesta. Op\u00e4\u0165 sme sa stretli v byte na Spolo\u010dnej ulici. Stre\u013eba sa za\u010dala u\u017e sk\u00f4r, ke\u010f sa povstalci prev\u00e1\u017eaj\u00faci zbrane dostali do stretu s nemeck\u00fdmi hliadkami. O 17.00 sa po celej Var\u0161ave ozvali v\u00fdstrely. M\u00f4j telef\u00f3n bol ticho a my sme \u010dakali a \u010dakali. V\u0161ade okolo n\u00e1s sa u\u017e bojovalo. Nakoniec som poslal velite\u013eov jednotiek sp\u00e4\u0165 k ich jednotk\u00e1m, aby sa pripojili k svojim mu\u017eom. Mal som ich telef\u00f3ny, ale nariadil som im, aby sa pridali k najbli\u017e\u0161ej jednotke dom\u00e1cej arm\u00e1dy. Nemali sme \u017eiadne zbrane. Rozhodol som sa na\u010falej \u010daka\u0165 na telefon\u00e1t s objedn\u00e1vkami, aspo\u0148 pre seba. Pre\u0161li hodiny a telef\u00f3n bol st\u00e1le tich\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z okna na najvy\u0161\u0161om poschod\u00ed sme zbadali troch ozbrojen\u00fdch vojakov nemeck\u00e9ho letectva Luftwaffe, ktor\u00ed sa le\u017e\u00e9rne oh\u00e1\u0148ali zbra\u0148ami na pr\u00e1zdnej ulici. Kr\u00e1\u010dali \u010falej smerom k n\u00e1mestiu Trzech Krzy\u017cy. Dodnes \u013eutujem, \u017ee som im na hlavu nehodil aspo\u0148 kvetin\u00e1\u010d. R\u00fdchlo sme zablokovali mas\u00edvne vchodov\u00e9 dvere, aby sa nemohli dosta\u0165 dovn\u00fatra. \u010coskoro potom odi\u0161li. V noci som sa pripojil k skupine \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed stavali barik\u00e1dy z ve\u013ek\u00fdch bet\u00f3nov\u00fdch dosiek, ktor\u00e9 kedysi tvorili chodn\u00edk. Jeden z nich povedal, \u017ee sa pr\u00e1ve vr\u00e1til z ulice Ho\u017ea, kde videl po\u013esk\u00fa jednotku, ktor\u00e1 obsadila s\u00eddlo pol\u00edcie \"granat\". Vedel som, kde to je, preto\u017ee to bola policajn\u00e1 stanica v na\u0161om okrese. Vy\u0161iel som hore, aby som sa rozl\u00fa\u010dil s rodinou, a vydal som sa h\u013eada\u0165 t\u00fato jednotku. Prechod cez dve hlavn\u00e9 ulice, Marsza\u0142kowsk\u00fa a Pozna\u0148sk\u00fa, bol ve\u013emi riskantn\u00fd, preto\u017ee ich mohli hliadkova\u0165 Nemci. Mal som s\u00edce so sebou hasi\u010dsk\u00fa prilbu, ale v pr\u00edpade no\u010dnej bitky by nebola ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1. R\u00fdchlo som prebehol dva bloky a bez probl\u00e9mov som sa dostal na policajn\u00fa stanicu na ulici Hoza. \"Desiatnik Andrzej sa hl\u00e1si do slu\u017eby.\" Hl\u00e1sil som sa u velite\u013ea roty Jura, z ktor\u00e9ho sa vyk\u013eul velite\u013e leteckej z\u00e1kladne. Priv\u00edtal ma a povedal mi, aby som si sadol k stene s ostatn\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed rovnako ako ja pri\u0161li z in\u00fdch jednotiek a nemali \u017eiadne zbrane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po nejakom \u010dase pri\u0161iel niekto s inform\u00e1ciou, \u017ee v predn\u00fdch bytoch v budove na ulici Ho\u017ea 62 predt\u00fdm b\u00fdvali pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci Bahnschutzu (nemeckej \u017eelezni\u010dnej pol\u00edcie). Pravdepodobne tam po nich u\u017e nebolo ani stopy, ale aj tak sa to muselo skontrolova\u0165. Pr\u00e1ve vtedy sa kadet Stec vr\u00e1til z hliadky (v dom\u00e1cej arm\u00e1de bol kadetom ten, kto absolvoval d\u00f4stojn\u00edcku \u0161kolu, ale pred pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm na podporu\u010d\u00edka si musel odsl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 rok praxe). Potom sa prihl\u00e1sil, \u017ee to p\u00f4jde urobi\u0165, ale potrebuje e\u0161te jedn\u00e9ho dobrovo\u013en\u00edka. Vyzeralo to tak, \u017ee sa nen\u00e1jdu \u017eiadni dobrovo\u013en\u00edci, ve\u010f sme nemali \u017eiadne zbrane; potom som sa prihl\u00e1sil ja. Vyzbrojili ma kom\u00e1rom - po\u013esk\u00fdm VIS-om (kaliber 9 mm, k\u00f3pia americkej pi\u0161tole Colt, vyroben\u00e1 v Radome), ktor\u00fd bol \"osloboden\u00fd\" z r\u00fak \"gran\u00e1tovej\" pol\u00edcie, a tie\u017e po\u013esk\u00fdm predvojnov\u00fdm ru\u010dn\u00fdm gran\u00e1tom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Budova bola vzdialen\u00e1 len nieko\u013eko domov. Otvorili sme transportn\u00e9 dvere a vbehli dovn\u00fatra. Stec i\u0161iel skontrolova\u0165 prv\u00e9 dvere na pr\u00edzem\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee je zamknut\u00e1, a tak sa ju za\u010dal pok\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 vylomi\u0165. Zakri\u010dal som: \"Zastavte, horn\u00e9 poschodie! Ru\u010dn\u00fd gran\u00e1t!\" Pochopil, \u017ee mus\u00edme za\u010da\u0165 z najvy\u0161\u0161ieho poschodia, inak by na n\u00e1s mohol niekto hodi\u0165 gran\u00e1ty. Vybehli sme na poschodie. Budova bola vysok\u00e1, mala sedem poschod\u00ed. Ke\u010f sme dosiahli vrchol, u\u017e sme boli zad\u00fdchan\u00ed. Skontrolovali sme prv\u00e9 dvere. Bolo zatvoren\u00e9. Stec ust\u00fapil a znova sa pok\u00fasil n\u00e1sil\u00edm otvori\u0165 dvere. Zastavil som ho. Keby bol vo vn\u00fatri niekto so zbra\u0148ou, u\u017e by bol m\u0155tvy. Uk\u00e1zal som mu, ako rozbi\u0165 dvere tak, \u017ee som sa dr\u017eal z\u00e1rubne a r\u00fdchlo som trhol smerom k sebe. V pr\u00edpade stre\u013eby zvn\u00fatra by sme dovn\u00fatra hodili ru\u010dn\u00fd gran\u00e1t. T\u00e1to cesta bola pomal\u0161ia, ale bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia. Chv\u00ed\u013eu n\u00e1m trvalo, k\u00fdm sme otvorili v\u0161etky dvere. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee budova je pr\u00e1zdna. Vr\u00e1tili sme sa, aby sme podali spr\u00e1vu Jurovi. Potom tam presunul velite\u013esk\u00e9 stanovi\u0161te roty, preto\u017ee to bola najvy\u0161\u0161ia a najpevnej\u0161ia stavba v oblasti. Hlavn\u00e9 velenie bolo umiestnen\u00e9 na pr\u00edzem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u010f som sa dobrovo\u013ene prihl\u00e1sil do takejto riskantnej akcie, musel si Jur uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eem plni\u0165 tak\u00e9to \u0161peci\u00e1lne \u00falohy, a odvtedy som sa ich z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148oval a\u017e do konca Povstania. Na za\u010diatku mi bolo pridelen\u00e9 velenie jednotky. Stali sme sa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou 1. pluku pod velen\u00edm poru\u010d\u00edka Alexa. Moja jednotka pozost\u00e1vala z piatich \u010fal\u0161\u00edch dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed sa noc predt\u00fdm \u010derstvo pridali k dom\u00e1cej arm\u00e1de. Boli to: Orol (Tadeusz Olechowski), Kajtek (J\u00f3zef Krzysztowski), Sp\u0142onka (Andrzej Paszewski) a Be\u017eec, ktor\u00e9ho meno som sa nikdy nedozvedel, a zdravotn\u00e1 sestra, ktorej meno si tie\u017e nepam\u00e4t\u00e1m, hoci som ju stretol a\u017e po vojne. Orze\u0142 bol obuvn\u00edcky u\u010de\u0148 a ve\u013ek\u00fd druid. Bol neboj\u00e1cny. Kajtek patril k strednej vrstve a bol ve\u010dne vystra\u0161en\u00fd, ale posl\u00fachol ka\u017ed\u00fd rozkaz. Obdivoval som jeho odvahu a oddanos\u0165 veci. Orze\u0142 a Kajtek boli pribli\u017ene v mojom veku. Splonku sme volali \"dedko\", preto\u017ee mal asi 30 rokov, k\u00fdm my ostatn\u00ed sme mali 17 alebo 18. Aj v pr\u00edpade Orla sme ho volali in\u00fdm menom - \"Michael\". Bolo to jeho skuto\u010dn\u00e9 meno? Ja neviem. Be\u017eec, ktor\u00e9mu som dal svoju hasi\u010dsk\u00fa prilbu, sa spr\u00e1val presne ako ka\u017ed\u00e9 in\u00e9 var\u0161avsk\u00e9 die\u0165a. Bol to \u00fa\u017easne inteligentn\u00fd chlapec. Ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo n\u00e1m zmizol z doh\u013eadu. Kto vie, \u010di ho zabili, alebo si na\u0161iel nejak\u00e9 v\u00fdnosnej\u0161ie zamestnanie, pr\u00edpadne zauj\u00edmavej\u0161iu jednotku?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zdravotn\u00e1 sestra, ktor\u00e1 nemala ani najmen\u0161iu predstavu o svojom odbore, r\u00fdchlo zistila, \u017ee moja jednotka je pre \u0148u pr\u00edli\u0161 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, a rozhodla sa dr\u017ea\u0165 v bl\u00edzkosti velenia \u010daty. V skuto\u010dnosti sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee to bolo pre \u0148u najlep\u0161ie miesto, preto\u017ee sa tu mohla nau\u010di\u0165 z\u00e1klady prvej pomoci od ostatn\u00fdch sestier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na za\u010diatku som bol jedin\u00fd ozbrojen\u00fd \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd mal v dr\u017ebe kom\u00e1r, 9 mm VIS. Nakoniec Orze\u0142 dostal \"d\u00e1msku\" pi\u0161to\u013e 7,65 alebo 6,35 a cel\u00e1 jednotka dostala jednu franc\u00fazsku pechotn\u00fa pu\u0161ku Berthier. Bola to kr\u00e1sna zbra\u0148, ale vy\u017eadovala si \u0161peci\u00e1lnu franc\u00fazsku mun\u00edciu v tvare f\u013ea\u0161e. Mali sme dos\u0165 len na p\u00e4\u0165 alebo \u0161es\u0165 k\u00f4l. Zbra\u0148 bola sk\u00f4r na par\u00e1du. Pou\u017e\u00edvali sme ho v str\u00e1\u017enej slu\u017ebe. Postupne sa mi podarilo z\u00edska\u0165 viac mun\u00edcie do zbrane. Orze\u0142 ho mal tie\u017e dos\u0165 ve\u013ea. \u010casom sme z\u00edskali ve\u013ea ru\u010dn\u00fdch gran\u00e1tov, ktor\u00e9 vyr\u00e1bala najm\u00e4 diel\u0148a letky. Potrebn\u00e9 v\u00fdbu\u0161niny sa nach\u00e1dzali v nemeckej nevybuchnutej mun\u00edcii, o ktor\u00fa nebol n\u00fadza. Mo\u017eno sa t\u00fdm uk\u00e1zala ne\u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 sabot\u00e1\u017enych akci\u00ed nemeck\u00fdch robotn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed boli vystra\u0161en\u00ed spojeneck\u00fdm bombardovan\u00edm. Okrem toho sme boli dobre z\u00e1soben\u00ed f\u013ea\u0161ami s benz\u00ednom. Vn\u00fatri boli obv\u00e4zy nasiaknut\u00e9 nie\u010d\u00edm, \u010do pri kontakte s benz\u00ednom sp\u00f4sobilo v\u00fdbuch. F\u013ea\u0161e pri rozbit\u00ed vybuchovali, preto ste museli by\u0165 pri ich dr\u017ean\u00ed ve\u013emi opatrn\u00ed. Ke\u010f sme na\u0161li (alebo dostali?) pr\u00e1zdnu dreven\u00fa debni\u010dku s priehradkou na f\u013ea\u0161e vodky a dr\u017eadlami zo \u0161n\u00fary, za\u010dali sme ju pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na pren\u00e1\u0161anie t\u00fdchto chutn\u00fdch zmes\u00ed. Hoci niektor\u00e9 f\u013ea\u0161e v debne obsahovali skuto\u010dn\u00fa, oby\u010dajn\u00fa vodku, nejako sme si ich nikdy nepom\u00fdlili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1\u0161 po\u010det sa zdal by\u0165 smie\u0161ne mal\u00fd. Moja jednotka bola priemernej ve\u013ekosti - v porovnan\u00ed s celou rotou alebo dokonca pr\u00e1porom. V tom \u010dase mala rota Jura, ktor\u00e1 bola u\u017e 2. rotou pr\u00e1poru Zaremba, 220 vojakov vyzbrojen\u00fdch jedn\u00fdm \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdm gu\u013eometom, jedn\u00fdm \u013eahk\u00fdm gu\u013eometom, 25 pu\u0161kami, tromi samopalmi a asi 100 pi\u0161to\u013eami (bolo ich o nie\u010do viac, ke\u010f\u017ee mnoh\u00ed povstalci mali vlastn\u00e9 zbrane). Okrem toho sme mali nedostatok mun\u00edcie. To bolo v\u0161etko, s \u010d\u00edm sme mohli bojova\u0165, ke\u010f sme 63 dn\u00ed \u010delili dobre vyzbrojen\u00fdm Nemcom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po n\u00e1stupe k rote Jura v noci 1. augusta 1944 n\u00e1s na druh\u00fd de\u0148 presunuli do bytu Stecov\u00fdch priate\u013eov (ktor\u00ed b\u00fdvali ne\u010faleko), ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dzal na rohu ul\u00edc Poznanska a Wsp\u00f3lna. Na\u0161ou \u00falohou bolo pozorova\u0165 budovu telef\u00f3nnej \u00fastredne, ktor\u00fa obsadili Nemci a ktor\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dzala o blok \u010falej od Pozna\u0148skej ulice, na rohu ulice sv\u00e4tej Barbory. Sedemposchodov\u00e1 budova s ve\u013emi pevnou kon\u0161trukciou sa zmenila na mohutn\u00fa pevnos\u0165. Na samom \u010dele bol postaven\u00fd bunker s \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdm gu\u013eometom, ktor\u00e9ho dostrel pokr\u00fdval cel\u00fa d\u013a\u017eku ulice od Pozna\u0148skej a\u017e po Ho\u017eu. V t\u00fa noc som prech\u00e1dzal pr\u00e1ve t\u00fdmito ulicami a mal som ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u0161\u0165astie, \u017ee Nemci neza\u010dali strie\u013ea\u0165, \u010do sa im niekedy st\u00e1valo aj bez mierenia. Cez de\u0148 to bola z\u00f3na smrti. Prechod cez Poznansk\u00fa na tejto d\u013a\u017eke bol mo\u017en\u00fd len v noci alebo jej obch\u00e1dzan\u00edm, pri\u010dom sa prech\u00e1dzalo cez ulicu pod \u0148ou. Stec n\u00e1s tam zozn\u00e1mil s p\u00f4vabn\u00fdm star\u0161\u00edm p\u00e1rom, ktor\u00fd hovoril s o\u010daruj\u00facim v\u00fdchodn\u00fdm pr\u00edzvukom. V ich bohato zariadenom byte le\u017eali na podlahe n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 orient\u00e1lne koberce. Pred vstupom do izby s balk\u00f3nom, z ktor\u00e9ho sme mali n\u00e1dhern\u00fd v\u00fdh\u013ead na budovu telef\u00f3nnej \u00fastredne, sme si starostlivo o\u010distili top\u00e1nky. Vonku boli kvetin\u00e1\u010de, ktor\u00e9 sme pou\u017eili na maskovanie. Striedali sme sa po 30 min\u00fatach a po\u010das tohto \u010dasu majitelia pozvali ostatn\u00fdch na chutn\u00e9 ra\u0148ajky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bol kr\u00e1sny, slne\u010dn\u00fd a tepl\u00fd de\u0148. Potom Nemci za\u010dali strie\u013ea\u0165 z gu\u013eometu. Myslel som si, \u017ee cie\u013eom sme my. Vybehol som na balk\u00f3n a vystra\u0161en\u00fd povstalec, ktor\u00fd tam mal slu\u017ebu, ma ubezpe\u010dil, \u017ee strie\u013eaj\u00fa na Poznanskej ulici. Opatrne som sa pozrel t\u00fdm smerom a pred mojimi o\u010dami sa zjavila st\u00e1le sa pohybuj\u00faca \u017eena le\u017eiaca na ulici. Nemeck\u00fd strelec pokra\u010doval v stre\u013ebe z gu\u013eometu a roztrhal jej telo na kusy. Bola som zhrozen\u00e1. Bola to prv\u00e1 obe\u0165, ktor\u00fa som po\u010das povstania videl. Nesk\u00f4r som sa dozvedel, \u017ee utiekla k de\u0165om, ktor\u00e9 zostali na druhej strane ulice. Na\u0161i \u013eudia sa ju sna\u017eili zastavi\u0165, ale podarilo sa jej vyslobodi\u0165. Nemala \u017eiadnu \u0161ancu. Vzdialenos\u0165 medzi nimi bola pr\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e1 na to, aby ich Nemci prehliadli. Po\u010dul som, \u017ee jej deti mali a\u017e do konca povstania ve\u013emi dobr\u00fa starostlivos\u0165. To, \u010do sa stalo, som ozn\u00e1mil star\u0161iemu ser\u017eantovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na nejak\u00fd \u010das zostala na\u0161a poz\u00edcia pokojn\u00e1. Zvy\u0161ok Var\u0161avy naopak pripom\u00ednal koncert s mno\u017estvom klav\u00edrov a ve\u013ek\u00fdch bubnov. Neust\u00e1le doch\u00e1dzalo k v\u00fdmene v\u00fdstrelov a ob\u010dasn\u00fdm v\u00fdbuchom. V tomto reperto\u00e1ri mal orchester pokra\u010dova\u0165 nasleduj\u00face dva mesiace, len s kr\u00e1tkymi no\u010dn\u00fdmi prest\u00e1vkami. Jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a sme po\u010duli rachot, ktor\u00fd znel ako motor auta. Zvuk bol \u010doraz hlasnej\u0161\u00ed. Vybehla som na balk\u00f3n a pozrela sa von. Na kri\u017eovatke ul\u00edc Wsp\u00f3lna a Pozna\u0144ska st\u00e1lo obrnen\u00e9 vozidlo. Za\u010dala na n\u00e1s strie\u013ea\u0165 z dela. Pochopil som, \u017ee cie\u013eom bola barik\u00e1da sp\u00e1jaj\u00faca t\u00fato stranu ulice s obytn\u00fdm blokom, ktor\u00fd viedol k budove hne\u010f oproti telef\u00f3nnej \u00fastredni. Odtia\u013e sme sa nemuseli ob\u00e1va\u0165 \u00fatoku. Nemohli sme ni\u010d urobi\u0165. V tom \u010dase sme e\u0161te nemali k dispoz\u00edcii z\u00e1paln\u00e9 f\u013ea\u0161e, ktor\u00e9 by sme mohli hodi\u0165 na obrnen\u00e9 vozidlo. Nemali sme ani \u017eiadne in\u00e9 poz\u00edcie okrem tej, ktor\u00fa som zast\u00e1val na rohu ulice. Po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch v\u00fdstreloch sa obrnen\u00e9 vozidlo oto\u010dilo a odi\u0161lo. Hlavn\u00fd ser\u017eant vybehol na balk\u00f3n a vyp\u00e1lil nieko\u013eko r\u00e1n na Nemcov, ktor\u00ed u\u017e odch\u00e1dzali v obrnenom aute. Bolo to trochu idiotsk\u00e9, hoci v danej situ\u00e1cii \u00faplne pochopite\u013en\u00e9. Od toho d\u0148a som ho u\u017e nikdy nevidel \"na fronte\". Vtedy som prevzal velenie na\u0161ej jednotky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nakoniec sa moja jednotka skladala z: \"Sp\u0142onka\" (Andrzej Paszewski), \"Kajtek\" (Jozef Krzysztowski) a \"Orze\u00b3\" volali Micha\u00b3 (Tadeusz Olechowski) a m\u0148a \"Andrzej\". (pod\u013ea fotografie, ktor\u00fa som si doteraz uchoval). Na\u0161e zbrane doch\u00e1dzali. Mal som pi\u0161to\u013e kalibru 9 mm so 100 n\u00e1bojmi, ale len s jedn\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkom. Micha\u0142 (Orze\u0142) bol vyzbrojen\u00fd malou pi\u0161to\u013eou kalibru 6 alebo 7 mm a dedo s Kajtekom mali len gran\u00e1ty. Nesk\u00f4r sme, samozrejme, mali aj z\u00e1paln\u00e9 f\u013ea\u0161e, ktor\u00fdch sme mali zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo a ktor\u00e9 boli s\u00edce u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 v be\u017en\u00fdch pouli\u010dn\u00fdch bojoch, ale proti nepriate\u013eovi ve\u013emi dobre vyzbrojen\u00e9mu \u013eahk\u00fdmi pu\u0161kami alebo gu\u013eometmi a vrha\u010dmi (nehovoriac o \u0165a\u017ekom delostrelectve) neboli ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9. Ako som u\u017e spom\u00ednal, mali sme aj kr\u00e1snu pu\u0161ku Berthier franc\u00fazskej pechoty, ale pou\u017e\u00edvali sme ju len zriedka, len na uk\u00e1\u017eku, preto\u017ee sme do nej mali len 6 n\u00e1bojov. Len ned\u00e1vno som sa dozvedel, \u017ee na\u0161i technici dok\u00e1zali t\u00fato pu\u0161ku prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 na\u0161ej mun\u00edcii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V t\u00fa noc sme dostali pr\u00edkaz pres\u0165ahova\u0165 sa do bytu na druhom poschod\u00ed budovy na rohu ul\u00edc Wsp\u00f3lna a Pozna\u0144ska. Z balk\u00f3na bol v\u00fdh\u013ead na ulicu Wsp\u00f3lna. Mali sme tam postavi\u0165 bunker a dostali sme mno\u017estvo vriec s pieskom. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee miestni obyvatelia s\u00fa ochotn\u00ed pom\u00f4c\u0165. Jedin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom bolo, \u017ee balk\u00f3n bol pod takmer neust\u00e1lou pa\u013ebou z \"Front Leitstelle\" (prekladiska pre Nemcov \u010dakaj\u00facich na z\u00e1soby z v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho frontu), ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzalo nieko\u013eko blokov od n\u00e1\u0161ho. Nemci n\u00e1s ostre\u013eovali z vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poz\u00edci\u00ed a ich strely dopadali na podlahu balk\u00f3na, po ktorej lietali iskry. Nikto sa ani nepok\u00fa\u0161al nosi\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 vrecia s pieskom pod takouto pa\u013ebou. Vyzeralo to desivo. Na\u0161\u0165astie bola ve\u013emi tmav\u00e1 noc. Nemci si po\u010das d\u0148a museli v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 nejak\u00fd pohyb na balk\u00f3ne a namierili svoj gu\u013eomet na jeden konkr\u00e9tny cie\u013e. V\u0161imol som si, \u017ee ich gu\u013eky dopadaj\u00fa v\u017edy na to ist\u00e9 miesto. Po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch v\u00fdstreloch prestali strie\u013ea\u0165 a potom za\u010dali znova. Mojou \u00falohou bolo nie\u010do s t\u00fdm urobi\u0165. Tak som po\u010dkal na prest\u00e1vku, napil sa vodky a polo\u017eil prv\u00e9 vrecko s pieskom k balk\u00f3nov\u00fdm dver\u00e1m. Predt\u00fdm som si v\u0161imol, \u017ee gu\u013eky dopadaj\u00fa trochu \u010falej, tak som vyu\u017eil pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165. Pracoval som r\u00fdchlo, po\u010das ka\u017edej prest\u00e1vky v stre\u013ebe, a \u010doskoro som mal pripraven\u00fd prv\u00fd rad vriec s pieskom. Teraz som sa mohol postavi\u0165 a jednoducho presun\u00fa\u0165 ta\u0161ky \u010falej. Op\u00e4\u0165 sa za\u010dalo strie\u013ea\u0165, teraz z \u010fal\u0161ieho radu. Po\u010das ka\u017edej prest\u00e1vky sa mi podarilo zhodi\u0165 dve ta\u0161ky naraz. Gu\u013eky ich zasiahli ako \u0161ialen\u00e9. S ve\u013ek\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm a e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estvom vodky som kone\u010dne pripravil streleck\u00fa stranu balk\u00f3na. Ostatn\u00ed dokon\u010dili pr\u00e1cu. Pred \u00fasvitom bol bunker hotov\u00fd. Nemci z\u00farivo strie\u013eali na vrecia s pieskom, tak\u017ee sme rady zdvojn\u00e1sobili. \"M\u00f4j bunker\" pre\u017eil dlh\u00fd \u010das, a\u017e k\u00fdm nebol na konci Povstania \u00faplne zni\u010den\u00fd....<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marian Milewski, velite\u013e 2. roty skupiny dom\u00e1cej arm\u00e1dy \"Gurt\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nZni\u010denie po\u0161tovej stanice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nZo v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n sa oz\u00fdvaj\u00fa v\u00fdstrely. Z ve\u017ee Hlavnej \u017eelezni\u010dnej stanice sa ozve hromobitie dela. Pod pa\u013ebou je \u0161irok\u00e1 oblas\u0165: Aleje Jerozolimskie, Marszalkowska, Chmielna a v opa\u010dnom smere \u017delezn\u00e1. Ulice s\u00fa vy\u013eudnen\u00e9, obyvatelia sa s\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa v br\u00e1nach. Prech\u00e1dzam okolo Chmielnej 67, kde som b\u00fdval. Moji priatelia ma v\u00edtaj\u00fa, \u017eelaj\u00fa mi v\u00ed\u0165azstvo. Z dia\u013eky vid\u00edm na\u0161u prv\u00fa skupinu, tla\u010d\u00ed voz\u00edk s ramenami. S\u00fa takmer na mieste ur\u010denia. Zrazu... \u00d3, hr\u00f4za! S\u00e9ria z\u00e1berov z po\u0161tovej stanice. Zranen\u00fd je \"Robur I\" (Janusz Debba, d\u00f4stojn\u00edk kadet) a \"Idea\" (Henryk - ser\u017eant \u010daty). Na chv\u00ed\u013eu nastane rozruch. Voz\u00edk - \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1 rik\u0161a sa nakl\u00e1\u0148a, zadn\u00e9 sedadlo s kolesom hore. Mus\u00edme zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 situ\u00e1ciu. Pres\u00favam sa so svojou skupinou od br\u00e1ny k br\u00e1ne. Som na \u00farovni posledn\u00e9ho domu susediaceho s po\u0161tovou stanicou, odkia\u013e sa strie\u013ealo. Zastav\u00edm jednotku. Funkciu prirad\u00edm r\u00fdchlo. Na povel posledn\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00fd skok do voz\u0148a. Sk\u00e1\u010deme, balansujeme a s pomocou \u013eud\u00ed \u010dakaj\u00facich v br\u00e1ne odch\u00e1dzame na n\u00e1dvorie. Zbrane sa distribuuj\u00fa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo. S\u00e1m beriem PIAT s gu\u013ekami. Z prv\u00e9ho poschodia u\u017e lietaj\u00fa f\u013ea\u0161e s benz\u00ednom na po\u0161tov\u00fa stanicu; budova, hoci dreven\u00e1, nechce vzplan\u00fa\u0165. Obklopuje ma nieko\u013eko zatia\u013e nezn\u00e1mych vojakov Domobrany. Jedn\u00fdm z nich je n\u00e1\u0161 bud\u00faci hrdina \"Sokol\" (Zbigniew Bornstead - kadet), \u010fal\u0161\u00edm je len \u0161trn\u00e1s\u0165ro\u010dn\u00fd \"Welek\". - st\u00edha\u010d (strelec). Skupina v zlo\u017een\u00ed \"Kuba\", \"Convert\" (J\u00e1n Sznajder - poru\u010d\u00edk), \"Sokol\" a dvaja alebo traja, ktor\u00fdch pseudonymy si nepam\u00e4t\u00e1m, ideme na tretie poschodie. Vyberiem si miesto pri okne, postav\u00edme Piatu. Som takmer v polohe v stoji. Po sk\u00fasenostiach so siln\u00fdm sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm r\u00e1zom \u017eiadam, aby ste ma podr\u017eali. Fotografujem na streche po\u0161ty, kde lietaj\u00fa f\u013ea\u0161e. Bang! Strecha vzb\u013akne a my dopadneme na druh\u00fa stranu miestnosti napriek siln\u00fdm mlad\u00fdm ruk\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 ma dr\u017eia. Prv\u00fd dojem po v\u00fdstrele z nezn\u00e1mej zbrane, m\u00f4j prv\u00fd v\u00fdstrel v Povstan\u00ed na nepriate\u013ea. Pozrieme sa na v\u00fdsledok. Dreven\u00e1 budova po\u0161ty v\u010faka rozliatemu benz\u00ednu z f\u013ea\u0161e teraz hor\u00ed ako fak\u013ea. Jedno nepriate\u013esk\u00e9 hniezdo, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s takmer pripravilo o v\u0161etky zbrane, cez ktor\u00e9 sme mali prv\u00fdch m\u0155tvych a ranen\u00fdch, prestalo existova\u0165!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stanis\u0142aw Ciesielski, priate\u013e Mariana Milewsk\u00e9ho:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nOd 1. augusta 1944 Mari\u00e1n 63 dn\u00ed bojoval vo Var\u0161avskom povstan\u00ed. Napriek hrdinskej obrane Var\u0161ava kapitulovala. \"\u010cierny\" a tis\u00edce \u010fal\u0161\u00edch povstalcov boli zatknut\u00ed, ale do zajatia i\u0161li so vzt\u00fd\u010denou hlavou. Marian sa nec\u00edtil porazen\u00fd. Po\u010das povstania z\u00edskal hodnos\u0165 podporu\u010d\u00edka a nesk\u00f4r, u\u017e v Anglicku, bol pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd na poru\u010d\u00edka. Bol vyznamenan\u00fd vojnov\u00fdm kr\u00ed\u017eom Virtuti Militari (kr\u00ed\u017e za stato\u010dnos\u0165 na bojisku), Kr\u00ed\u017eom za chrabros\u0165, Kr\u00ed\u017eom dom\u00e1cej arm\u00e1dy, Strieborn\u00fdm kr\u00ed\u017eom za z\u00e1sluhy s me\u010dmi, medailou po\u013eskej arm\u00e1dy a vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii aj anglick\u00fdmi vyznamenaniami. Po p\u00e1de povstania ho odvliekli do jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch zajateck\u00fdch t\u00e1borov Oflag VII v bavorskom Murnau, kde bolo v\u00e4znen\u00fdch celkovo 7 000 d\u00f4stojn\u00edkov. S bl\u00ed\u017eiacim sa koncom vojny sa Nemecko ponorilo do chaosu a dezorganiz\u00e1cie. V t\u00e1boroch vl\u00e1dol hlad a z\u00e1soby potrav\u00edn boli nedostato\u010dn\u00e9,\" spom\u00edna Marian Milewski. A\u017e ke\u010f t\u00e1bor v m\u00e1ji 1945 oslobodili americk\u00e9 jednotky, zachr\u00e1nili sa jeho v\u00e4zni pred smr\u0165ou hladom a vy\u010derpan\u00edm. V j\u00fani 1945 sa Marian Milewski prv\u00fdm transportom z Nemecka dostal do Talianska, kde sa pripojil k 2. po\u013esk\u00e9mu arm\u00e1dnemu zboru v Taliansku. Najprv bol umiestnen\u00fd v meste Nola pri Neapole, potom v meste Motola v ju\u017enom Taliansku. Tam bol pridelen\u00fd k str\u00e1\u017enej jednotke, ktorej bol najprv z\u00e1stupcom velite\u013ea a potom velite\u013eom. V roku 1947 bol jeho pr\u00e1por evakuovan\u00fd cez more z Neapola do Anglicka. Najprv bola umiestnen\u00e1 v Cumberlande a o mesiac nesk\u00f4r bola poslan\u00e1 do Formby pri Liverpoole, kde prevzala pr\u00e1zdny t\u00e1bor 5. kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho pluku, ktor\u00fd sa v tom \u010dase nach\u00e1dzal v britsk\u00fdch kol\u00f3ni\u00e1ch. Zostalo tam len nieko\u013eko jej \u010dlenov a h\u0155stka nemeck\u00fdch zajatcov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Preklad z angli\u010dtiny Szymon Kuchci\u0144ski<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nPoh\u013ead na predn\u00e9 byty \u010din\u017eiaku na Hozovej ulici 62, ktor\u00e9 pred povstan\u00edm ob\u00fdvali pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci Bahnschutzu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nV\u013eavo: Historick\u00e1 budova telef\u00f3nnej \u00fastredne, ktor\u00fa po\u010das povstania obsadili Nemci. Vpravo: Zrekon\u0161truovan\u00fd n\u00e1jomn\u00fd dom, ktor\u00e9ho jeden z balk\u00f3nov sl\u00fa\u017eil ako pozorovate\u013e\u0148a telef\u00f3nnej \u00fastredne. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd poh\u013ead z kri\u017eovatky ul\u00edc Wsp\u00f3lna a Pozna\u0144ska.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nS\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd poh\u013ead na Pozna\u0148sk\u00fa ulicu z ulice sv\u00e4tej Barbory. Balk\u00f3ny \u010din\u017eiaku sl\u00fa\u017eili ako pozorovate\u013e\u0148a pre budovu telef\u00f3nnej \u00fastredne, ktor\u00fa obsadili Nemci, a nesk\u00f4r sl\u00fa\u017eili ako bunker. Jednotke velil kapr\u00e1l \"Andrzej\", Jaroslaw Piekalkiewicz.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nPoh\u013ead na historick\u00fa budovu telef\u00f3nnej \u00fastredne z kri\u017eovatky ul\u00edc Pozna\u0144ska a Wsp\u00f3lna. Po\u010das povstania ho obsadila nemeck\u00e1 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1 pol\u00edcia a sl\u00fa\u017eil ako pevn\u00e1 pevnos\u0165.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Podczas powstania Warszawa przypomina\u0142a koncert z wieloma fortepianami i wielkimi b\u0119bnami. Nieustannie trwa\u0142a wymiana strza\u0142\u00f3w i od czasu do czasu wybuch\u00f3w. Orkiestra mia\u0142a kontynuowa\u0107 ten repertuar przez najbli\u017csze dwa miesi\u0105ce, z jedynie kr\u00f3tkimi przerwami w nocy\u2026 \u2013 wspomina prof. Jaros\u0142aw Piekalkiewicz, \u017co\u0142nierz AK, kt\u00f3rego mia\u0142em zaszczyt go\u015bci\u0107 w swoim domu w Przemy\u015blu podczas spotka\u0144 Strychu […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":19873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wazne-daty","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\n
Wspomnienia z Powstania Warszawskiego – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/sk\/wydarzenia\/wspomnienia-z-powstania-warszawskiego\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wspomnienia z Powstania Warszawskiego – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Podczas powstania Warszawa przypomina\u0142a koncert z wieloma fortepianami i wielkimi b\u0119bnami. Nieustannie trwa\u0142a wymiana strza\u0142\u00f3w i od czasu do czasu wybuch\u00f3w. Orkiestra mia\u0142a kontynuowa\u0107 ten repertuar przez najbli\u017csze dwa miesi\u0105ce, z jedynie kr\u00f3tkimi przerwami w nocy\u2026 \u2013 wspomina prof. Jaros\u0142aw Piekalkiewicz, \u017co\u0142nierz AK, kt\u00f3rego mia\u0142em zaszczyt go\u015bci\u0107 w swoim domu w Przemy\u015blu podczas spotka\u0144 Strychu […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/sk\/wydarzenia\/wspomnienia-z-powstania-warszawskiego\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Marek Kuchci\u0144ski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-02T11:56:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-04T16:58:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/PJP-PW_edited.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1251\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1668\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marta Olejnik\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" 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