{"id":19258,"date":"2020-06-03T21:50:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-03T19:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marek2.rkartist.pl\/?p=19258"},"modified":"2020-07-08T21:55:00","modified_gmt":"2020-07-08T19:55:00","slug":"15982-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/sk\/wydarzenia\/15982-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\"Ako vy\u0161krtn\u00fa\u0165 svojho protivn\u00edka\" - Vo\u013eby '89"},"content":{"rendered":"
Rok 1989 sa niesol predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v znamen\u00ed j\u00fanov\u00fdch volieb. Aj ke\u010f neboli \u00faplne slobodn\u00e9 a aj ke\u010f boli spojen\u00e9 s mnoh\u00fdmi kompromismi, priniesli ve\u013ek\u00fa n\u00e1dej a energiu. V protikomunistickom Przemy\u015bli neboli probl\u00e9my so zbieran\u00edm podpisov pod zoznam Solidarity. Napriek pochybnostiam o dohode pri okr\u00fahlom stole \u013eudia verili, \u017ee pr\u00eddu nov\u00e9, dobr\u00e9 \u010dasy. Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facu nechu\u0165 voli\u0165 vo zmanipulovan\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch do komunistick\u00e9ho parlamentu vystriedalo nad\u0161enie, \u017ee v parlamente kone\u010dne zasadn\u00fa nov\u00ed \u013eudia. Kandid\u00e1ti strany Solidarita mali program, o ktorom sa hovorilo doma, v pr\u00e1ci aj na ulici. Na zozname, ktor\u00fd niesol dych slobody, boli \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed d\u00e1vali n\u00e1dej, \u017ee po\u013esk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t, doteraz podriaden\u00fd ZSSR, z\u00edska sp\u00e4\u0165 svoju dlho o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fa slobodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marek Kami\u0144ski, predseda Region\u00e1lnej v\u00fdkonnej komisie NSZZ Solidarita v Przemy\u015bli, bol N\u00e1rodnou v\u00fdkonnou komisiou zaviazan\u00fd, aby spolu s miestnou Solidaritou samostatne hospod\u00e1riacich ro\u013en\u00edkov zriadil Ob\u010diansky v\u00fdbor Solidarita pre vojvodstvo Przemy\u015bl. Spolu so \u0161\u00e9fom Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej solidarity Janom Karusom pozval 15 \u013eud\u00ed vr\u00e1tane Mareka Kuchci\u0144sk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u013dudia, program v\u0161ak nie je v\u0161etko. Star\u00e9 \u00farady sa pevne dr\u017eali. Mala pln\u00fa kontrolu nad \u0161t\u00e1tnymi m\u00e9diami, nad cel\u00fdm propagandistick\u00fdm apar\u00e1tom. Aby sa posolstvo za nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 dostalo k \u013eu\u010fom, muselo sa prenies\u0165 priamo na ulicu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
- V j\u00fani 1989 bol Przemy\u015bl pravdepodobne mestom s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom volebn\u00fdch plag\u00e1tov a transparentov opozi\u010dnej Solidarity v celom Po\u013esku - spom\u00edna Marek Kuchci\u0144ski. - Od prv\u00fdch dn\u00ed kampane prebiehala v mest\u00e1ch a dedin\u00e1ch plag\u00e1tov\u00e1 vojna - namiesto zni\u010den\u00fdch plag\u00e1tov a transparentov sa objavovali nov\u00e9, zvy\u010dajne v noci, a niekedy kancel\u00e1riu v Przemy\u015bli obliehali skupiny mlad\u00fdch distrib\u00fatorov, \u010dasto det\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 balili plag\u00e1ty a let\u00e1ky do ruksakov. Jeden z let\u00e1kov, takzvan\u00fd \"ako vy\u0161krtn\u00fa\u0165 svojho protivn\u00edka\", bol rozmno\u017een\u00fd v na\u0161ej podzemnej tla\u010diarni v n\u00e1klade 300 000 kusov. V takejto atmosf\u00e9re protivn\u00edk, ktor\u00e9ho koali\u010dn\u00fa kancel\u00e1riu \u00fadajne viedol cenzor z Przemy\u015bla, nielen\u017ee nemal \u0161ancu na v\u00ed\u0165azstvo, ale kompromitoval sa aj t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa sna\u017eil presved\u010di\u0165 voli\u010dov festivalmi oblo\u017een\u00fdmi pivom a klob\u00e1sou, ktor\u00e9 sa rozd\u00e1vali za \"podpis podpory\", a vymyslen\u00fdmi a \u0161abl\u00f3novito nama\u013eovan\u00fdmi heslami typu \"koal\u00edcia mus\u00ed vyhra\u0165, aby Po\u013esko neprehralo\",\" pripom\u00edna mar\u0161al Sejmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Domy, obchody a st\u00e1nky Ruchu doslova zmizli pod nalepen\u00fdmi plag\u00e1tmi. Bol to skuto\u010dn\u00fd boj. Vo volebnom \u0161t\u00e1be sa namiesto skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho lepidla mie\u0161ala voda a m\u00faka. Desiatky \u013eud\u00ed vy\u0161li do ul\u00edc a sna\u017eili sa rozve\u0161a\u0165 let\u00e1ky na najvidite\u013enej\u0161\u00edch miestach. Nebolo to \u013eahk\u00e9. Niektor\u00ed majitelia obchodov sa b\u00e1li \u00faradov, sami strhli plag\u00e1ty a zavolali domobranu. V meste sa objavili bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 hliadky a plag\u00e1ty zni\u010dili. Zo 4 tis\u00edc transparentov a plag\u00e1tov Solidarity strhli asi 3 tis\u00edc! Strh\u00e1vali sa aj vlajky Solidarity a \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed sa vyd\u00e1vali za zamestnancov obchodn\u00e9ho oddelenia mestsk\u00e9ho \u00faradu, n\u00fatili mana\u017e\u00e9rov a majite\u013eov obchodov odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 z v\u00fdkladov plag\u00e1ty strany slobody. Volebn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menia Solidarity boli zni\u010den\u00e9 aj v Jaroslawi, Przeworsku a Lubaczowe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vo volebnej kampani sa ob\u010diansky v\u00fdbor spoliehal na vzdel\u00e1vanie v ter\u00e9ne a otvorenos\u0165 vo\u010di ob\u010danom. Zapojila sa inteligencia, kult\u00farni \u013eudia a cirkev. Solidarita bola prezentovan\u00e1 ako harmonick\u00fd t\u00edm so spolo\u010dn\u00fdmi cie\u013emi. Aby sa predi\u0161lo rozdeleniu, bolo nominovan\u00fdch to\u013eko kandid\u00e1tov, ko\u013eko bolo miest. Pre ob\u010danov, ktor\u00ed si zvykli voli\u0165 \"jedin\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vneho kandid\u00e1ta\" z PZPR, pripravila KO aj manu\u00e1ly, ako voli\u0165. Vo volebn\u00fdch bulletinoch sa okrem in\u00e9ho apelovalo na ob\u010danov, aby podporili opoz\u00edciu, preto\u017ee \"ste jej to dl\u017en\u00ed, preto\u017ee jej podpora znamen\u00e1 koniec vr\u00e1\u017ed, politick\u00fdch zn\u00e1silnen\u00ed, utrpenia...\". .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Plag\u00e1tov\u00e1 vojna vyvrcholila v noci pred vo\u013ebami. Strana Solidarita bola odhodlan\u00e1. Cel\u00fa noc, takmer a\u017e do svitania, sa \u013eudia zakr\u00e1dali v uli\u010dk\u00e1ch, pod oknami a na dvoroch a tajne vylepovali volebn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menia. Ve\u013ek\u00e9 mest\u00e1, ako napr\u00edklad Var\u0161ava, dostali sl\u00e1vne plag\u00e1ty so \u0161erifom, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 namiesto hviezdy v klope odznak Solidarity. Do Przemy\u015bla sa v\u0161ak nedostala. Namiesto toho boli v\u0161ade, kde sa dalo, rozve\u0161an\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie let\u00e1ky a ozn\u00e1menia. Boli zavesen\u00e9 aj tam, kde nemohli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V nede\u013eu 4. j\u00fana 1989 v skor\u00fdch rann\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch boli otvoren\u00e9 volebn\u00e9 miestnosti. Volebn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010das\u0165 nebola pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 - viac ako 10 mili\u00f3nov Poliakov z 27 mili\u00f3nov opr\u00e1vnen\u00fdch voli\u0165 ne\u0161lo voli\u0165. Bol to d\u00f4sledok postupuj\u00facej apatie spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e1 neverila, \u017ee vo\u013eby m\u00f4\u017eu nie\u010do zmeni\u0165. V celej krajine vl\u00e1dla pokojn\u00e1 n\u00e1lada a nedo\u0161lo k \u017eiadnym nepokojom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Opoz\u00edcia, odrezan\u00e1 od volebn\u00fdch miestnost\u00ed a s polhodinov\u00fdm vysielac\u00edm \u010dasom t\u00fd\u017edenne, neverila, \u010do sa stane: zo 161 kresiel v Sejme, ktor\u00e9 boli k dispoz\u00edcii v slobodn\u00fdch vo\u013eb\u00e1ch, z\u00edskala 160 v prvom kole, pri\u010dom zvy\u0161n\u00fd kandid\u00e1t post\u00fapil do druh\u00e9ho kola. Zo 100 kresiel v Sen\u00e1te v prvom kole obsadili kandid\u00e1ti Solidarity 92. V Przemy\u0161lskom vojvodstve sa do parlamentu dostali \u0161tyria kandid\u00e1ti: Jan Musia\u0142 a Tadeusz Ulma za Sen\u00e1t, Tadeusz Trelka a Janusz Onyszkiewicz za Sejm. Napriek takejto obrovskej soci\u00e1lnej podpore bola Solidarita pr\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e1 na to, aby sama udr\u017eala opraty moci. Napriek dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9mu \u00fasiliu \u013eudia zo Solidarity nedok\u00e1zali nies\u0165 bremeno zmien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marek Kami\u0144ski dnes hovor\u00ed: Oce\u0148ujem nekrvav\u00fd priebeh volieb, ale pri takej sile, v\u00fdhode a soci\u00e1lnej podpore by si Solidarita mala stanovi\u0165 podmienky. Je mi to ve\u013emi \u013e\u00fato. Solidarita bola slab\u00e1 a ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 komunistami. Takisto sme si nev\u0161imli hnutie Wilczek v roku 85. Postavili svojich \u013eud\u00ed do radu, zatla\u010dili tajn\u00fa pol\u00edciu do firiem. Po\u010das stretnut\u00ed, aj s Walesom, ktor\u00e9ho sme vtedy pova\u017eovali za jedin\u00e9ho vodcu, som si nikdy nepredstavoval, \u017ee to bud\u00fa \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed sa bud\u00fa sp\u00e1ja\u0165 s komunistami. Hanb\u00edm sa, \u017ee som s nimi vtedy sedel. Chceli sme nez\u00e1vislos\u0165, Po\u013esk\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 republika nebola nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm po\u013esk\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom. Ako sme sa mali c\u00edti\u0165, ke\u010f sme zvolili Jaruzelsk\u00e9ho za prezidenta Po\u013eska? - hovor\u00ed Kami\u0144ski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jan Karu\u015b, predseda Solidarno\u015b\u0107 Rolnicza (Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska solidarita), tie\u017e hovor\u00ed o udalostiach po roku 1989 v depres\u00edvnom t\u00f3ne, pri\u010dom poukazuje na politick\u00e9 h\u00e1dky a na to, \u017ee komunisti z\u00edskali n\u00e1rodn\u00fd majetok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zvolen\u00ed poslanci a sen\u00e1tori boli tie\u017e ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00ed. Marek Kuchci\u0144ski v \u010dl\u00e1nku Spojrzenia Przemyskie (Poh\u013eady z Przemyslu) z decembra 1989 p\u00edsal o nespokojnosti a netrpezlivosti spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00fa ignoruj\u00fa \u00farady, o nedostatku inteligencie a bezmocnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fato snahu v\u0161ak nikto ne\u013eutuje. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed i\u0161li 4. j\u00fana k vo\u013eb\u00e1m, chceli jednoducho zvrhn\u00fa\u0165 komunizmus. Podarilo sa im to, ale zmena nepri\u0161la \u013eahko a my e\u0161te st\u00e1le \u017eneme plody zanedbania vtedaj\u0161ej doby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Po roku 89 sme za\u010dali prebera\u0165 zodpovednos\u0165 za \u0161t\u00e1t: na \u00farovni samospr\u00e1v, \u0161t\u00e1tnych a miestnych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed. S odstupom \u010dasu m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee sme urobili v\u0161etko, \u010do sa v tom \u010dase dalo. O\u010dak\u00e1vali sme zmeny v \u0161t\u00e1tnej moci a boli sme sklaman\u00ed, ale to n\u00e1s neodradilo od pr\u00e1ce. Z dne\u0161n\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu to vyzer\u00e1 trochu inak: mal\u00e1 skupina \u013eud\u00ed dok\u00e1zala z\u00e1zraky a bojovala s komunizmom ako D\u00e1vid s Goli\u00e1\u0161om - pripom\u00edna Marek Kuchci\u0144ski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marta Olejnik<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rok 1989 bol predov\u0161etk\u00fdm rokom j\u00fanov\u00fdch volieb. Hoci neboli \u00faplne slobodn\u00e9 a boli spojen\u00e9 s mnoh\u00fdmi kompromismi, priniesli ve\u013ek\u00fa n\u00e1dej a energiu. V protikomunisticky naladenom Przemy\u015bli neboli probl\u00e9my so zbieran\u00edm podpisov pod zoznam Solidarity. Napriek pochybnostiam o usporiadan\u00ed okr\u00fahleho stola \u013eudia verili, \u017ee prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 \u010dasy. Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca neochota voli\u0165 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":15986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,77,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-podkarpacie","category-wazne-daty","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\n
"Jak skre\u015bli\u0107 przeciwnika" - wybory '89 – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/sk\/wydarzenia\/15982-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""Jak skre\u015bli\u0107 przeciwnika" - wybory '89 – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rok 1989 to przede wszystkim wybory czerwcowe. Cho\u0107 nie w pe\u0142ni wolne, cho\u0107 zwi\u0105zane z wieloma kompromisami, to jednak nios\u0105ce ogromn\u0105 nadziej\u0119 i energi\u0119. W nastawionym antykomunistycznie Przemy\u015blu nie by\u0142o problem\u00f3w ze zbiorem podpis\u00f3w pod solidarno\u015bciow\u0105 list\u0105. Mimo w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci co do ustale\u0144 okr\u0105g\u0142ego sto\u0142u, ludzie wierzyli, \u017ce nadejd\u0105 nowe, dobre czasy. 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