{"id":19168,"date":"2020-04-22T17:17:26","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T15:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marek2.rkartist.pl\/?p=19168"},"modified":"2021-03-12T21:05:06","modified_gmt":"2021-03-12T20:05:06","slug":"jak-polak-z-wegrem-epidemie-powstrzymywali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/ro\/wydarzenia\/jak-polak-z-wegrem-epidemie-powstrzymywali\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum un polonez \u0219i un ungur au oprit o epidemie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Polon\u0103, maghiar\u0103, doi nepo\u021bi. \u0218i la o lupt\u0103 cu bolile \u0219i la un pahar plin de vitamine. Pove\u0219ti ciudate Kazimierz Funk \u0219i Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi <\/strong>sunt \u00eenc\u0103 relevante ast\u0103zi, c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 ne confrunt\u0103m cu epidemia unui nou coronavirus ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ghimpele negru \u00een floare, regiunea Subcarpatic\u0103<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rolul vitaminelor este adesea minimizat \u00een lumea modern\u0103. Din moment ce avem medicamente moderne, vaccinuri \u0219i aparate medicale, mai sunt importante vitaminele, despre care nu se poate spune c\u0103 vindec\u0103? Uit\u0103m c\u0103 ele nu sunt doar importante, ci esen\u021biale! F\u0103r\u0103 ele, organismul nostru nu poate func\u021biona corect. Imagina\u021bi-v\u0103 corpul nostru ca pe o ma\u0219in\u0103 mare care are nevoie de combustibil. Cu toate acestea, nu este suficient s\u0103 se toarne doar energie (carbohidra\u021bi) \u0219i s\u0103 se adauge ni\u0219te elemente de construc\u021bie pentru ca pere\u021bii s\u0103 nu se pr\u0103bu\u0219easc\u0103 (proteine). Pentru ca aceast\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze, are nevoie de multe alte surse de energie. Vitamine, printre altele. Acestea sunt substan\u021be chimice care sunt folosite de corpul nostru pentru a regla multe procese diferite. Adesea, rolul lor este foarte complicat, deoarece atunci c\u00e2nd o vitamin\u0103 intr\u0103 \u00een organism, este rapid transformat\u0103 \u00eentr-un alt compus, acest compus declan\u0219eaz\u0103 o reac\u021bie specific\u0103, care implic\u0103 producerea unei alte substan\u021be \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Exper\u021bii vorbesc, prin urmare, de c\u0103i metabolice, adic\u0103 de c\u0103i de-a lungul c\u0103rora circul\u0103 o vitamin\u0103 (de exemplu), doar c\u0103 \u00eentr-o form\u0103 modificat\u0103. Poate c\u0103 am fi \u0219tiut \u00eenc\u0103 foarte pu\u021bin despre acest lucru dac\u0103 nu ar fi fost cercet\u0103torul polonez Kazimierz Funk. Datorit\u0103 lui Funk, lumea a auzit cuv\u00e2ntul \"vitamin\u0103\". El a creat-o c\u00e2nd a descoperit o substan\u021b\u0103 necunoscut\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci. Trebuie remarcat faptul c\u0103 Funk nu era un om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 obi\u0219nuit. Setea sa de cunoa\u0219tere a fost at\u00e2t de mare, iar abilit\u0103\u021bile sale at\u00e2t de impresionante, \u00eenc\u00e2t a urcat rapid pe scara carierei \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u00een institu\u021bii \u0219tiin\u021bifice de top. \u00cenc\u0103 de la v\u00e2rsta de 16 ani, a p\u0103r\u0103sit Var\u0219ovia \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 studieze biologia la Geneva. \u00cen 1900, a studiat chimia la Universitatea din Berna. La v\u00e2rsta de 20 de ani, avea deja un doctorat \u0219i a plecat la Paris. De la Institutul Pasteur s-a mutat la un laborator din Berlin, iar c\u00e2nd nu a mai avut cuno\u0219tin\u021be noi nici acolo, a plecat la Londra. La Institutul Lister de Medicin\u0103 Preventiv\u0103, el lucreaz\u0103 cu un alt polonez. Ludwik Rajchman<\/strong>. La \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea, o epidemie de beri-beri a amenin\u021bat grav multe \u021b\u0103ri, \u00een special la tropice, \u0219i marinarii. Unii oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au sus\u021binut c\u0103 aceasta a fost cauzat\u0103 de o diet\u0103 prea s\u0103rac\u0103 \u00een proteine. Problema a afectat adesea persoanele ale c\u0103ror mese constau \u00een principal din orez decojit. Funk nu s-a urcat pe acest val. De asemenea, s-a uitat la cereale, dar nu la cele consumate de oameni (ca s\u0103 fim sinceri, a fost vorba \u0219i de p\u0103s\u0103ri, pentru c\u0103 experimentele au fost f\u0103cute pe oameni \u0219i pe g\u0103ini), ci la ceea ce r\u0103m\u00e2nea dup\u0103 ce orezul era cur\u0103\u021bat: t\u0103r\u00e2\u021bele. A izolat \u00een ele o substan\u021b\u0103 ciudat\u0103. Acesta con\u021binea o grupare amino. El a recunoscut c\u0103 acest grup este d\u0103t\u0103tor de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 eliminarea lui din alimenta\u021bie ar duce la tulbur\u0103ri. A\u0219a c\u0103 a combinat cuvintele \"amin\u0103\" (azotul din grupa amin\u0103) \u0219i via\u021ba \"vite\". \u00cempreun\u0103 cu Rajchman, au publicat o lucrare \u00een care \"vitamine\", care \u00eenseamn\u0103 vitamin\u0103, tocmai a ap\u0103rut pentru prima dat\u0103. Substan\u021ba din t\u0103r\u00e2\u021be a fost studiat\u0103 mai bine de Funk, care a numit-o \u00een cele din urm\u0103 vitamina B, unde \"b\" vine de la beri-beri. Ce concluzie putem trage de aici \u00een zilele noastre? Printre altele, c\u0103 procesarea excesiv\u0103 a alimentelor nu ne face bine. Cerealele cur\u0103\u021bate sunt lipsite de substan\u021be importante. Orezul f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eenveli\u0219 (t\u0103r\u00e2\u021be) este deficitar \u00een vitamina B1. Lumea \u0219tiin\u021bei a \u00een\u021beles, datorit\u0103 lui Funk, c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se analizeaz\u0103 alimentele, este necesar s\u0103 le privim mai atent. Ast\u0103zi putem spune despre B1 c\u0103 ajut\u0103 la - buna func\u021bionare a inimii;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- contribuie la func\u021bionarea corect\u0103 a sistemului nervos; - contribuie la men\u021binerea unui metabolism normal; - ajut\u0103 la men\u021binerea unor func\u021bii psihologice normale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0218i acesta este, la urma urmei, un exemplu de doar o vitamin\u0103 care apar\u021bine \u00eentregului grup B. Funk a declan\u0219at o avalan\u0219\u0103. Au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai multe lucr\u0103ri pe tema vitaminelor. Se pare c\u0103 unele dintre ele ma\u0219ina noastr\u0103 le poate produce singur\u0103, dar altele trebuie s\u0103 le ob\u021bin\u0103 din exterior. Acesta este cazul, de exemplu, al vitaminei C. Omul este una dintre pu\u021binele specii de pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt care nu o poate produce singur. \u0218i au nevoie de ea. Conform opiniei unanime a oamenilor de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, cel pu\u021bin pentru urm\u0103toarele func\u021bii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajut\u0103 la: - protec\u021bia celulelor \u00eempotriva stresului oxidativ; - produc\u021bia adecvat\u0103 de colagen pentru a asigura buna func\u021bionare a vaselor de s\u00e2nge, oaselor, cartilajelor, gingiilor, pielii, din\u021bilor; - buna func\u021bionare a sistemului nervos; - buna func\u021bionare a sistemului imunitar; - men\u021binerea func\u021biilor psihologice normale;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- regenerarea formei reduse a vitaminei E; - func\u021bionarea corect\u0103 a inimii; - func\u021bionarea corect\u0103 a sistemului nervos; - men\u021binerea unor func\u021bii psihologice corecte; - cre\u0219te absorb\u021bia fierului; - contribuie la men\u021binerea unui metabolism energetic corect;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- contribuie la reducerea senza\u021biei de oboseal\u0103 \u0219i a st\u0103rii de mole\u0219eal\u0103; - contribuie la men\u021binerea unui metabolism energetic normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lista este impresionant\u0103 \u0219i, destul de interesant, este doar v\u00e2rful icebergului pe care \u00eel reprezint\u0103 ac\u021biunea vitaminei C, pe care chimi\u0219tii o numesc acid l-ascorbic. Poate c\u0103 nu am fi \u0219tiut nimic despre acest acid dac\u0103 nu ar fi existat alte aventuri ale marinarilor \u0219i ale unui om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 maghiar: Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi. Din nou, r\u0103zboiul se anun\u021b\u0103 la orizont. nu doar cu boli, ci cu lucruri reale. Probabil c\u0103 B1 ar fi avut nevoie de mai mult timp pentru a decima civilii dac\u0103 nu ar fi existat problema navelor militare ale c\u0103ror echipaje mureau \u00eenainte de a ajunge pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103. Beri-beri nu a fost singura provocare. De asemenea, marinarii se luptau cu scorbutul. Simptomele erau ur\u00e2te: le s\u00e2ngerau gingiile, le c\u0103deau p\u0103rul \u0219i unghiile, o simpl\u0103 r\u0103ceal\u0103 putea ucide un corp sl\u0103bit. Ha! Acum este mai u\u0219or pentru noi s\u0103 g\u0103sim r\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebarea ce ar fi putut cauza acest lucru. Dac\u0103 ne uit\u0103m c\u00e2teva paragrafe mai sus, putem vedea c\u0103 func\u021bionarea sistemului imunitar al pielii, gingiilor \u0219i din\u021bilor este legat\u0103 de vitamina C. Numai c\u0103 la \u00eenceputul secolului XX nimeni nu avea o astfel de list\u0103. Oamenii nu \u0219tiau deloc ce este vitamina C. Mecanismul de ac\u021biune a fost cunoscut abia datorit\u0103 unui om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 maghiar. \u00cen 1928, \u00een timpul unor cercet\u0103ri minu\u021bioase, Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi a ob\u021binut un compus din extracte de glande suprarenale, varz\u0103 \u0219i portocale, pe care l-a numit acid hexauronic (denumit ulterior vitamina C). Numele s\u0103u este derivat tot de la boal\u0103. Acidul hexauronic a fost \u00eenlocuit cu denumirea de acid l-ascorbic tocmai pentru a sublinia leg\u0103tura cu propriet\u0103\u021bile antiscorbutice. Maghiarul a primit Premiul Nobel \u00een 1937 pentru descoperirea sa. Exist\u0103 \u0219i un alt personaj interesant \u00een aceast\u0103 poveste: Tadeusz Reichstein<\/strong>. Un elve\u021bian de origine polonez\u0103 a fost primul care a sintetizat vitamina C. Mul\u021bumit\u0103 lui, vitamina C poate fi acum produs\u0103 pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103. Este exact la fel ca cea din plante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Un alt nume a ap\u0103rut mai devreme \u00een aceast\u0103 poveste. Rajchman. Realiz\u0103rile sale au influen\u021bat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent lupta \u00eempotriva epidemiilor \u00een \u00eentreaga lume. Lui Rajchman \u00eei dator\u0103m, de exemplu, Institutul de Stat de Igien\u0103 (pe care l-a fondat \u00een 1919 sub numele de Institutul Central Epidemiologic de Stat din Var\u0219ovia). Omul de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 polonez a vrut s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021bele sale cu \u00eentreaga lume. Astfel, \u00een 1920-1921, a co-organizat Comisia epidemiologic\u0103 a Ligii Na\u021biunilor. De asemenea, a devenit co-fondator al UNICEF - Fondul Na\u021biunilor Unite pentru Copii. Datorit\u0103 perseveren\u021bei \u0219i muncii sale extraordinare, \u00eentre 1948 \u0219i 1951 au fost efectuate aproximativ 30 de milioane de examin\u0103ri medicale \u0219i au fost administrate 17 milioane de vaccinuri \u00eempotriva tuberculozei \u00een 22 de \u021b\u0103ri! De asemenea, a petrecut mul\u021bi ani \u00een China, fiind co-fondator al serviciilor medicale \u0219i epidemiologice de acolo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se poate spune c\u0103 povestea lui Rajchman, Funk \u0219i Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi s-a \u00eencheiat. Polonezii \u0219i maghiarii au permis lumii s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 importan\u021ba vitaminelor. Rajchman a co-fondat personal serviciul de s\u0103n\u0103tate chinezesc. Ast\u0103zi, \u00een Regatul Mijlociu, realiz\u0103rile lor sunt folosite pentru a lupta \u00eempotriva coronavirusului. Zeci de tone de vitamina C sunt administrate profilactic, iar \u00een spitale se fac teste clinice pentru tratarea celor infecta\u021bi cu doze puternice de acid l-ascorbic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

text: Marta Olejnik<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Polon\u0103, maghiar\u0103, doi nepo\u021bi. \u0218i la o lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva bolilor \u0219i la un pahar plin de vitamine. Pove\u0219tile bizare ale lui Kazimierz Funk \u0219i Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi sunt \u00eenc\u0103 relevante ast\u0103zi, c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 ne confrunt\u0103m cu o epidemie de un nou coronavirus... Rolul vitaminelor este adesea subestimat \u00een lumea modern\u0103. Din moment ce avem medicamente moderne, vaccinuri, aparatur\u0103 medical\u0103, exist\u0103 vitamine pe care nu le [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":19171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,177,50,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-europa-karpat","category-europa-karpat-dyskusja","category-wspolpraca-miedzynarodowa","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\nJak Polak z W\u0119grem epidemi\u0119 powstrzymywali – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/ro\/wydarzenia\/jak-polak-z-wegrem-epidemie-powstrzymywali\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak Polak z W\u0119grem epidemi\u0119 powstrzymywali – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Polak W\u0119gier dwa bratanki. I do bitki z chorobami i do szklanki pe\u0142nej witamin. Przedziwne historie Kazimierza Funka i Alberta Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi’ego s\u0105 aktualne do dzi\u015b, gdy musimy mierzy\u0107 si\u0119 z epidemi\u0105 nowego koronawirusa… Rola witamin jest cz\u0119sto umniejszana we wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnym \u015bwiecie. 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