{"id":15992,"date":"2019-06-04T15:58:23","date_gmt":"2019-06-04T13:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/?p=15992"},"modified":"2019-06-04T20:42:30","modified_gmt":"2019-06-04T18:42:30","slug":"marek-kuchcinski-o-wyborach-89-to-byl-poczatek-wielkich-przemian-co-bylo-niemozliwe-stalo-sie-mozliwe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/ro\/wydarzenia\/marek-kuchcinski-o-wyborach-89-to-byl-poczatek-wielkich-przemian-co-bylo-niemozliwe-stalo-sie-mozliwe\/","title":{"rendered":"Marek Kuchci\u0144ski despre alegerile din '89: A fost \u00eenceputul unor mari schimb\u0103ri. Ceea ce era imposibil a devenit posibil!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre\u0219edintele Andrzej Duda, pre\u0219edintele Sejm-ului Marek Kuchci\u0144ski, pre\u0219edintele Senatului Stanis\u0142aw Karczewski \u0219i premierul Mateusz Morawiecki au luat cuv\u00e2ntul la ceremoniile care au marcat cea de-a 30-a aniversare a alegerilor libere pentru Senatul polonez. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discursul pre\u0219edintelui Sejm-ului, Marek Kuchci\u0144ski: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acum 30 de ani, <\/strong>Dup\u0103 mul\u021bi ani de sclavie comunist\u0103 \u0219i de lips\u0103 de suveranitate na\u021bional\u0103 deplin\u0103, \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103 au avut loc alegeri. Am sim\u021bit bucurie \u0219i m\u00e2ndrie pentru victoria ob\u021binut\u0103 atunci. De\u0219i la acea vreme independen\u021ba Republicii Polone era \u00eenc\u0103 foarte vag\u0103, ast\u0103zi putem vedea cu claritate semnifica\u021bia deosebit\u0103 a acestor alegeri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trebuie reamintit faptul c\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urarea acestor alegeri a fost o surpriz\u0103 total\u0103 pentru autorit\u0103\u021bile comuniste, care controlau \u00een totalitate mass-media, dispuneau de o baz\u0103 material\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103 \u0219i au fost capabile s\u0103 mobilizeze rapid sute de func\u021bionari instrui\u021bi pentru a-\u0219i desf\u0103\u0219ura propria campanie electoral\u0103. Acestea au fost doar par\u021bial alegeri libere, deoarece acordurile a\u0219a-numitei \"Mese Rotunde\" au stabilit pentru opozi\u021bie o cot\u0103 de 35% \u00een Sejm \u0219i alegeri libere pentru Senat. Cu toate acestea, opozi\u021bia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 to\u021bi deputa\u021bii din Sejm \u00een baza acordului men\u021bionat mai sus, iar Senatul a devenit complet liber de reprezentan\u021bii guvernului comunist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contrar a\u0219tept\u0103rilor celor de la putere, cercurile pro-independen\u021b\u0103 reunite \u00een perioada alegerilor \u00een cadrul Comitetelor Cet\u0103\u021bene\u0219ti de Solidaritate au reu\u0219it rapid s\u0103 creeze o baz\u0103 organiza\u021bional\u0103 de la zero, s\u0103 desemneze candida\u021bi pentru parlament \u0219i s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219oare o campanie electoral\u0103 victorioas\u0103. Societatea a sus\u021binut cu t\u0103rie candida\u021bii propu\u0219i de comitetele civice. Astfel, s-a pronun\u021bat \u00een favoarea reformelor \u0219i a respingerii sistemului totalitar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A fost \u00eenceputul unei mari schimb\u0103ri<\/strong>. Ce a fost\nimposibilul a devenit posibil!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evenimentele din Polonia au devenit un impuls pentru schimbare \u00een multe \u021b\u0103ri vecine \u0219i au influen\u021bat, de asemenea, pr\u0103bu\u0219irea Uniunii Sovietice. \u00centr-o perioad\u0103 relativ scurt\u0103 de timp, au fost create \u021b\u0103ri libere \u00eenvecinate cu Polonia: Lituania, Letonia, Belarus \u0219i Ucraina au fost create \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 relativ scurt\u0103 de timp. Zidul Berlinului a c\u0103zut, iar Germania a fost unificat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trebuie amintit faptul c\u0103 alegerile din iunie au precedat revoltele eroice pentru independen\u021b\u0103 din \u021bara noastr\u0103. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, alegerile au fost o \u00eentoarcere la marile noastre tradi\u021bii parlamentare, care dateaz\u0103 din secolul al XV-lea, Constitu\u021bia din 3 mai fiind o realizare deosebit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, drumul p\u00e2n\u0103 la alegerile din iunie \u00een Polonia a fost unul lung, care a durat zeci de ani, plin de sacrificii \u0219i de lupte universale \u00eempotriva puterii totalitare, adesea, din p\u0103cate, s\u00e2ngeroase. Polonezii nu s-au \u00eemp\u0103cat niciodat\u0103 cu pierderea independen\u021bei, fiind con\u0219tien\u021bi de faptul c\u0103 Republica Popular\u0103 Polonez\u0103 era un stat cu suveranitate limitat\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie a dus la o serie de proteste pro-independen\u021b\u0103. \u00cen 1944-53, dup\u0103 Opera\u021biunea Tempest, a avut loc o revolt\u0103 anticomunist\u0103. \u00cen 1956, au avut loc evenimente pe care istoricii le numesc \"iunie la Pozna\u0144\", care au reprezentat nu numai prima grev\u0103 general\u0103 de amploare a muncitorilor, ci \u0219i o revolt\u0103 local\u0103 \u00een care au murit zeci de oameni \u0219i care a accelerat evenimentele din octombrie polonez. Ungaria ne-a sprijinit \u00een solidaritate, pl\u0103tind \u0219i ea un sacrificiu de s\u00e2nge. Apoi, \u00een martie 1968, au avut loc revolte anticomuniste \u00een Var\u0219ovia \u0219i \u00een alte ora\u0219e, mai \u00eent\u00e2i din partea studen\u021bilor \u0219i a intelectualit\u0103\u021bii, sus\u021binute \u0219i de liceeni, iar apoi de alte grupuri sociale. Au urmat acte eroice, cum ar fi autoimolarea lui Ryszard Siwiec. Doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu, muncitorii au intrat \u00een grev\u0103 \u0219i au luptat \u00een Gdynia, Gda\u0144sk, Szczecin \u0219i Elbl\u0105g. Alte revolte anticomuniste au izbucnit \u00een 1976 \u00een Radom \u0219i Ursus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe fundalul acestor proteste \u0219i lupte, alegerea cardinalului Karol Wojtyla \u00een scaunul lui Petru, la 16 octombrie 1978, a fost o mare speran\u021b\u0103. \u00cenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul marelui s\u0103u pontificat, Ioan Paul al II-lea a exercitat o influen\u021b\u0103 asupra transform\u0103rii pa\u0219nice a Poloniei; de o importan\u021b\u0103 deosebit\u0103 a fost primul pelerinaj al Sf\u00e2ntului P\u0103rinte \u00een patria sa, \u00een iunie 1979, \u00een timpul c\u0103ruia au fost rostite faimoasele cuvinte de pe Plac Zwyci\u0119stwa, acum Pia\u021ba Pi\u0142sudski: \"Eu, fiu al p\u0103m\u00e2ntului polonez, strig din ad\u00e2ncurile mileniului: Fie ca Duhul T\u0103u s\u0103 coboare \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eennoiasc\u0103 fa\u021ba p\u0103m\u00e2ntului. Acest p\u0103m\u00e2nt!\"<\/em>. Pe parcursul \u00eentregului s\u0103u pelerinaj, milioane de polonezi s-au adunat \u00een ora\u0219ele \u0219i satele patriei noastre pentru a participa la Sf\u00e2nta Liturghie. \u00cen omiliile sale, Ioan Paul al II-lea a f\u0103cut apel la respectarea demnit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i tradi\u021biei na\u021bionale, a vorbit despre libertatea \u00een via\u021ba social\u0103 \u0219i despre respectarea drepturilor fundamentale ale fiec\u0103rei persoane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un an mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een august 1980, au izbucnit greve memorabile pe coast\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een cur\u00e2nd, \u00een toat\u0103 \u021bara. Acestea au dus la crearea Solidarit\u0103\u021bii, un sindicat independent de puterea comunist\u0103. \u00cen scurt timp a devenit unul dintre principalele centre de opozi\u021bie \u00eempotriva puterii comuniste, a devenit o organiza\u021bie puternic\u0103, cu zece milioane de membri, \u0219i a \u00eenceput activit\u0103\u021bi intense pentru libertate \u0219i democratizarea vie\u021bii de stat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ca r\u0103spuns la aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, la 13 decembrie a fost impus\u0103 legea mar\u021bial\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103. Aceast\u0103 lovitur\u0103 de stat a fost, de fapt, \u00eendreptat\u0103 \u00eempotriva activi\u0219tilor opozi\u021biei, inclusiv a membrilor Solidarit\u0103\u021bii. Au urmat mai mul\u021bi ani de represiune, pe care istoricii \u00eei numesc r\u0103zboiul polonez-Jaruzelski. Mii de oameni au fost aresta\u021bi, inclusiv liderii Solidarit\u0103\u021bii, care au fost interna\u021bi. Muncitorii \u0219i studen\u021bii care au \u00eencercat s\u0103 organizeze proteste au fost supu\u0219i unei represiuni dure, iar oameni au fost uci\u0219i \u00een timpul pacific\u0103rii unit\u0103\u021bilor de munc\u0103, de exemplu \u00een mina Wujek. A fost suspendat\u0103 publicarea revistelor de opozi\u021bie \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bile tuturor sindicatelor. \u00cen ciuda acestui fapt, rezisten\u021ba societ\u0103\u021bii a continuat \u0219i a crescut. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Activitatea opozi\u021biei a continuat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1989, marcat\u0103 de numeroase victime, cum ar fi moartea martiric\u0103 a capelanului Solidarit\u0103\u021bii, p\u0103rintele Jerzy Popie\u0142uszko, care a fost ucis de ofi\u021berii Serviciului de Securitate la 19 octombrie 1984 \u00een W\u0142oc\u0142awek. Ca urmare a rezisten\u021bei sociale continue \u0219i a deterior\u0103rii situa\u021biei economice din \u021bar\u0103, autorit\u0103\u021bile comuniste au decis s\u0103 intre \u00een discu\u021bii cu opozi\u021bia \u00een cadrul a\u0219a-numitei \"Mese Rotunde\", care a avut ca rezultat, printre altele, acordurile men\u021bionate mai sus privind alegerile parlamentare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toate aceste fapte trebuie s\u0103 fie amintite acum,\npentru a sublinia \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 ce mare progres au reprezentat alegerile din iunie ale\n\u00een 1989.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cent\u00e2lnirea noastr\u0103 de ast\u0103zi este o celebrare a libert\u0103\u021bii poloneze. Este o mare s\u0103rb\u0103toare a democra\u021biei. Ast\u0103zi, Polonia este \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i, ca \u0219i alte \u021b\u0103ri din Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Est, putem exista doar \u00een condi\u021bii de \u00eencredere reciproc\u0103, cooperare str\u00e2ns\u0103 \u0219i solidaritate. Ast\u0103zi, multe \u021b\u0103ri din aceast\u0103 parte a Europei sunt unite de Uniunea European\u0103 \u0219i de NATO. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alegerile din iunie, care au marcat \u00eenceputul frumoasei, minunatei \u0219i, mai presus de toate, necru\u021b\u0103toarei Toamne a Na\u021biunilor \u00een Europa, au schimbat fa\u021ba Poloniei \u0219i a \u00eentregului continent. Aceasta a marcat sf\u00e2r\u0219itul R\u0103zboiului Rece, pr\u0103bu\u0219irea definitiv\u0103 a Cortinei de Fier \u0219i pr\u0103bu\u0219irea ordinii de la Yalta. Imperiul R\u0103ului, URSS, era \u00een curs de dezintegrare, iar acest proces era ireversibil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0103 bucur c\u0103 ast\u0103zi s\u0103rb\u0103torim \u00eempreun\u0103 aceast\u0103 mare zi a democra\u021biei la cea de-a 30-a aniversare a unor evenimente de o importan\u021b\u0103 enorm\u0103 pentru Polonia \u0219i Europa.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto: Marta Olejnik<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Podczas uroczysto\u015bci zwi\u0105zanych z obchodami 30. rocznicy wolnych wybor\u00f3w do Senatu RP g\u0142os zabrali prezydent Andrzej Duda, marsza\u0142ek Sejmu Marek Kuchci\u0144ski, marsza\u0142ek Senatu Stanis\u0142aw Karczewski oraz premier Mateusz Morawiecki. Przem\u00f3wienie marsza\u0142ka Sejmu Marka Kuchci\u0144skiego: Trzydzie\u015bci lat temu, w naszym kraju, mia\u0142y miejsce wybory, kt\u00f3re po d\u0142ugich latach komunistycznego zniewolenia i braku pe\u0142nej suwerenno\u015bci pa\u0144stwa, sta\u0142y […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":16046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wazne-daty","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\nMarek Kuchci\u0144ski o wyborach '89: To by\u0142 pocz\u0105tek wielkich przemian. Co by\u0142o niemo\u017cliwe \u2013 sta\u0142o si\u0119 mo\u017cliwe! – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/ro\/wydarzenia\/marek-kuchcinski-o-wyborach-89-to-byl-poczatek-wielkich-przemian-co-bylo-niemozliwe-stalo-sie-mozliwe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marek Kuchci\u0144ski o wyborach '89: To by\u0142 pocz\u0105tek wielkich przemian. 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