{"id":15982,"date":"2019-06-04T07:54:51","date_gmt":"2019-06-04T05:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/?p=15982"},"modified":"2019-06-04T08:02:43","modified_gmt":"2019-06-04T06:02:43","slug":"15982","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/ro\/wydarzenia\/15982\/","title":{"rendered":"\"Cum s\u0103-\u021bi tai adversarul\" - Alegeri '89"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anul\nAnul 1989 a fost marcat mai ales de alegerile din iunie. De\u0219i nu este pe deplin liber \u0219i de\u0219i\nde\u0219i \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de multe compromisuri, aduc\u00e2nd totu\u0219i o mare speran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i energie.\n\u00cen anticomunistul Przemy\u015bl, nu au existat probleme cu str\u00e2ngerea de semn\u0103turi\nPrima a fost o scrisoare adresat\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rii Solidaritatea. \u00cen ciuda \u00eendoielilor privind Acordul de la Masa Rotund\u0103\n\u00cen ciuda \u00eendoielilor cu privire la Acordurile de la Masa Rotund\u0103, oamenii credeau c\u0103 vor veni vremuri noi \u0219i bune. Reticen\u021ba anterioar\u0103 de a\nNepl\u0103cerea anterioar\u0103 de a vota la alegerile fraudate pentru alegerile populare\nentuziasm c\u0103, \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it, oameni noi vor face parte din parlament. Candida\u021bii din partea Solidarit\u0103\u021bii\nCandida\u021bii din partea Solidarit\u0103\u021bii aveau un program despre care se vorbea acas\u0103, la serviciu, pe strad\u0103.\nPe lista purt\u00e2nd briza libert\u0103\u021bii se aflau oameni care au dat speran\u021ba c\u0103\nLista care aducea un suflu de libertate con\u021binea oameni care au dat speran\u021ba c\u0103 statul polonez, p\u00e2n\u0103 acum subordonat URSS, \u00ee\u0219i va rec\u0103p\u0103ta libertatea mult a\u0219teptat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marek\nKaminski, pre\u0219edinte al Comisiei executive regionale a NSZZ \"Solidarno\u015b\u0107\" din\nPrzemysl, a fost obligat de c\u0103tre Comisia Executiv\u0103 Na\u021bional\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenfiin\u021beze, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu\nSolidaritatea local\u0103 a fermierilor individuali s\u0103 \u00eenfiin\u021beze Comitetul Civic\nSolidaritatea din Voievodatul Przemy\u015bl. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu \u0219eful Solidarit\u0103\u021bii agricole, Jan\nKarusi, a invitat 15 persoane, printre care \u0219i Marek Kuchci\u0144ski, s\u0103 i se al\u0103ture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar\noameni, programul nu este totul. Vechea putere a rezistat. Acesta a fost complet\ncontrolul asupra mass-media de stat, asupra \u00eentregului aparat de propagand\u0103. Pentru a ajunge la oameni,\na fost necesar s\u0103 duc\u0103 mesajul pro-independen\u021b\u0103 direct \u00een strad\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

- \u00cen iunie 1989, Przemy\u015bl a fost probabil cel mai\nora\u0219ul Przemy\u015bl a fost probabil cel mai plin de bannere electorale ale opozi\u021biei Solidaritatea \u0219i de afi\u0219e\nora\u0219 din toat\u0103 Polonia\", \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te Marek Kuchci\u0144ski. - \u00cenc\u0103 din primele zile ale campaniei a existat\n\u00cenc\u0103 din primele zile ale campaniei a fost un r\u0103zboi de afi\u0219e \u00een ora\u0219e \u0219i sate - \u00een loc\ndistruse, de obicei noaptea, ap\u0103reau noi afi\u0219e \u0219i bannere, \u0219i se \u00eent\u00e2mpla c\u0103\nErau momente \u00een care biroul din Przemysl era asediat de grupuri de tineri distribuitori, adesea\nAu existat, de asemenea, grupuri de tineri distribuitori, adesea copii, care \u00eempachetau afi\u0219e \u0219i pliante \u00een rucsacuri. Unul dintre pliante, a\u0219a-numitul \"how-to\",\n\"cum s\u0103-\u021bi bifezi adversarul\" a fost reprodus\u0103 \u00een tipografia clandestin\u0103 \u00een cantitate de\n300.000 de exemplare. \u00centr-o astfel de atmosfer\u0103, adversarul, a c\u0103rui coali\u021bie\nbiroul ar fi fost condus de un cenzor din Przemy\u015bl, nu numai c\u0103 nu a avut nicio \u0219ans\u0103 de a\nnu numai c\u0103 nu avea nicio \u0219ans\u0103 de victorie, dar s-a \u0219i compromis \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 conving\u0103 aleg\u0103torii cu festivaluri\ncu bere \u0219i c\u00e2rna\u021bi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi pentru \"semn\u0103tura de sus\u021binere\" \u0219i cu invita\u021bi \u0219i\nsloganuri de genul: \"coali\u021bia trebuie s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige, pentru ca Polonia s\u0103 nu piard\u0103\" - \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te mare\u0219alul.\nPolonia nu trebuie s\u0103 piard\u0103\" - \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te pre\u0219edintele Sejm-ului. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Przemysl\ncasele, magazinele, chio\u0219curile Ruchu au disp\u0103rut literalmente sub zidurile lipite \u00een grab\u0103.\nafi\u0219e. A fost o adev\u0103rat\u0103 b\u0103t\u0103lie. La sediul alegerilor, apa a fost amestecat\u0103 cu f\u0103in\u0103,\npentru a \u00eenlocui adezivul adev\u0103rat. Zeci de oameni au ie\u0219it \u00een strad\u0103\nau \u00eencercat s\u0103 aga\u021be pliantele \u00een locurile cele mai vizibile. Nu a fost\nu\u0219or. Unii dintre comercian\u021bi s-au temut de autorit\u0103\u021bi, au rupt ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i afi\u0219ele, au sunat la\nmili\u021bie. Patrule de securitate au ap\u0103rut \u00een ora\u0219 \u0219i au distrus\nreclame. Din cele 4 mii de pancarte \u0219i bannere ale Solidarit\u0103\u021bii, au smuls aproximativ\n3 mii! Steagurile Solidarit\u0103\u021bii au fost, de asemenea, smulse, iar persoane care se revendicau de la\npersoane care pretindeau c\u0103 sunt angaja\u021bi ai departamentului de comer\u021b al prim\u0103riei au for\u021bat administratorii \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103torii s\u0103\nmanagerii \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103torii s\u0103 dea jos de pe vitrinele magazinelor posterele cu tab\u0103ra pro-libertate. Distruse au fost\nAnun\u021burile electorale ale Solidarit\u0103\u021bii au fost, de asemenea, distruse \u00een Jaros\u00b3aw, Przeworsk \u0219i Lubacz\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\n\u00cen campania electoral\u0103, Comitetul Cet\u0103\u021benilor s-a concentrat pe educa\u021bia la fa\u021ba locului \u0219i pe\ndeschiderea fa\u021b\u0103 de cet\u0103\u021beni. Au fost implicate intelectualitatea, oamenii de cultur\u0103 \u0219i Biserica.\nSolidaritatea a fost prezentat\u0103 ca o echip\u0103 unit\u0103, cu obiective comune. Pentru a evita\npentru a evita diviziunile, au fost nominaliza\u021bi at\u00e2\u021bia candida\u021bi c\u00e2\u021bi locuri au existat. Pentru cei obi\u0219nui\u021bi s\u0103 voteze pentru\nobi\u0219nui\u021bi s\u0103 voteze pentru \"singurul candidat de dreapta\" din PZPR, KO\na preg\u0103tit, de asemenea, manuale de vot. \u00cen buletinele electorale\n\u00cen buletinele electorale a existat un apel: c\u0103tre cet\u0103\u021beni s\u0103 sus\u021bin\u0103 opozi\u021bia, pentru c\u0103 \"sunte\u021bi datori s\u0103\nLe sunte\u021bi datori, pentru c\u0103 sus\u021binerea lor \u00eenseamn\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul crimelor, al violurilor politice, al suferin\u021belor...\".\n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u0103zboi\nR\u0103zboiul afi\u0219elor a atins apogeul \u00een noaptea dinaintea alegerilor. The\nPartea de solidaritate a fost determinat\u0103. Toat\u0103 noaptea, aproape p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zorii palidei z\u0103ri, oamenii au fost\ntoat\u0103 noaptea, aproape p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zori, pe str\u0103zile din spate, sub ferestre, \u00een cur\u021bi, oamenii au fost \u00een secret\nanun\u021buri electorale. Ora\u0219e mari, cum ar fi Var\u0219ovia, pentru aceast\u0103 noapte\nchiar \u00een aceast\u0103 sear\u0103, au primit celebrele afi\u0219e cu \u0219eriful care, \u00een loc de stea, are la rever o insign\u0103 a Solidarit\u0103\u021bii.\n\u0218tampila de solidaritate pe reverul s\u0103u. Dar nu a ajuns la Przemy\u015bl. \u00cen schimb, au fost alte pliante \u0219i\nanun\u021buri, at\u00e2rnate cu dedica\u021bie pe unde au putut. Oriunde\n\u00een cazul \u00een care acest lucru nu a fost posibil, au fost de asemenea ag\u0103\u021bate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timpuriu\n\u00cen diminea\u021ba zilei de duminic\u0103, 4 iunie 1989, s-au deschis sec\u021biile de votare. Prezen\u021ba la vot\na fost estimat\u0103 ca fiind nu foarte mare - peste 10 milioane din 27 de milioane de persoane cu drept de vot.\ndin cele 27 de milioane de polonezi care aveau drept de vot. A fost un rezultat al progresului\napatia societ\u0103\u021bii, care nu credea c\u0103 alegerile ar putea schimba ceva. \u00cen \u00eentreaga\n\u00cen \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103, atmosfera a fost calm\u0103, nu au existat revolte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cut off\nt\u0103iat de la urne, cu o jum\u0103tate de or\u0103 de emisie pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, opozi\u021bia nu prea a\na crezut \u00een ceea ce urma s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mple: din cele 161 de locuri disponibile \u00een Sejm\n\u00een alegeri libere, a ob\u021binut 160 de voturi \u00een primul tur, iar candidatul r\u0103mas\na trecut \u00een turul al doilea. Din cele 100 de locuri \u00een Senat \u00een primul tur de scrutin\nCandida\u021bii Solidarit\u0103\u021bii au ob\u021binut 92 din cele 100 de locuri din Senat \u00een primul tur.\npatru candida\u021bi: Jan Musia\u0142 \u0219i Tadeusz Ulma pentru Senat, Tadeusz Trelka \u0219i\nJanusz Onyszkiewicz - pentru Sejm. \u00cen ciuda acestui sprijin social enorm\nSolidaritatea era prea slab\u0103 pentru a \u021bine singur\u0103 fr\u00e2iele puterii. \u00cen ciuda acestor\nOamenii de la Solidaritatea nu au fost capabili s\u0103 suporte povara schimb\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marek\nKami\u0144ski spune ast\u0103zi: Apreciez desf\u0103\u0219urarea f\u0103r\u0103 v\u0103rsare de s\u00e2nge a alegerilor, dar cu asemenea\nputerea, avantajul \u0219i sprijinul social, Solidaritatea ar trebui s\u0103 fi stabilit condi\u021biile. Eu am\nAcesta este marele meu regret. Solidaritatea era slab\u0103 \u0219i controlat\u0103 de comuni\u0219ti. Nu\nNici noi nu am observat mi\u0219carea lui Wilczek \u00een '85. \u0218i-au aliniat propriul popor, comuni\u0219tii.\nau \u00eempins \u00een companii. \u00cen timpul \u00eent\u00e2lnirilor, de asemenea cu Wa\u0142\u0119sa, pe care l-am tratat atunci\nca unic conduc\u0103tor, nu mi-am imaginat niciodat\u0103 c\u0103 ace\u0219tia sunt oameni care vor intra \u00een\ncomuni\u0219ti \u00een alian\u021be. Mi-e ru\u0219ine c\u0103 am stat cu ei atunci. Am vrut\nindependen\u021b\u0103, Republica Popular\u0103 Polonez\u0103 nu a fost un stat polonez independent. Cum ar fi trebuit s\u0103 ne sim\u021bim\nsimt prin alegerea lui Jaruzelski ca pre\u0219edinte al Poloniei? - spune Kami\u0144ski. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De asemenea,\nJan Karu\u015b, \u0219eful Solidarno\u015b\u0107 Rolnicza (Solidaritatea Agricol\u0103), vorbe\u0219te despre evenimentele de dup\u0103 89\ntonul deprimant despre disputele politice \u0219i \u00eenfierarea comuni\u0219tilor\npe proprietatea na\u021bional\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ales\ndeputa\u021bi \u0219i senatori au fost, de asemenea, dezam\u0103gitoare. \u00cen \"Vederi din Przemy\u015bl\" din decembrie\n1989, Marek Kuchci\u0144ski a scris despre nemul\u021bumirea \u0219i ner\u0103bdarea unei societ\u0103\u021bi ignorate\nde c\u0103tre autorit\u0103\u021bi, lipsa de inteligen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i neputin\u021ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nimeni\nregret\u0103 totu\u0219i acest efort. Cei care au mers la urne pe 4 iunie\nvoiau pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 r\u0103stoarne comunismul. Au reu\u0219it, dar schimb\u0103rile nu au venit u\u0219or, iar\n\u00cenc\u0103 mai culegem consecin\u021bele neglijen\u021bei de atunci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Dup\u0103 '89 am \u00eenceput s\u0103 ne asum\u0103m responsabilitatea pentru stat: la nivelul autoguvern\u0103rilor, al institu\u021biilor de stat \u0219i locale. Privind retrospectiv, putem spune c\u0103 am f\u0103cut tot ceea ce se putea face la acel moment. Ne a\u0219teptam la schimb\u0103ri \u00een puterea statului \u0219i am fost dezam\u0103gi\u021bi, dar acest lucru nu ne-a descurajat s\u0103 lucr\u0103m. Din perspectiva de ast\u0103zi, lucrurile arat\u0103 pu\u021bin diferit: un grup mic de oameni a f\u0103cut minuni, lupt\u00e2nd cu comunismul ca David cu Goliat - \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te Marek Kuchci\u0144ski. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marta Olejnik<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anul 1989 a fost, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, anul alegerilor din iunie. De\u0219i nu erau pe deplin libere \u0219i de\u0219i asociate cu multe compromisuri, ele au adus totu\u0219i o mare speran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i energie. \u00cen Przemy\u015bl, un ora\u0219 cu mentalitate anticomunist\u0103, nu au existat probleme \u00een str\u00e2ngerea de semn\u0103turi pentru lista Solidarit\u0103\u021bii. \u00cen ciuda \u00eendoielilor cu privire la aranjamentele de la Masa Rotund\u0103, oamenii credeau c\u0103 vor veni vremuri noi \u0219i bune. Reticen\u021ba anterioar\u0103 de a vota [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":15986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,77,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-podkarpacie","category-wazne-daty","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\n"Jak skre\u015bli\u0107 przeciwnika" - wybory '89 – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/ro\/wydarzenia\/15982\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""Jak skre\u015bli\u0107 przeciwnika" - wybory '89 – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rok 1989 to przede wszystkim wybory czerwcowe. Cho\u0107 nie w pe\u0142ni wolne, cho\u0107 zwi\u0105zane z wieloma kompromisami, to jednak nios\u0105ce ogromn\u0105 nadziej\u0119 i energi\u0119. W nastawionym antykomunistycznie Przemy\u015blu nie by\u0142o problem\u00f3w ze zbiorem podpis\u00f3w pod solidarno\u015bciow\u0105 list\u0105. Mimo w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci co do ustale\u0144 okr\u0105g\u0142ego sto\u0142u, ludzie wierzyli, \u017ce nadejd\u0105 nowe, dobre czasy. 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