{"id":15992,"date":"2019-06-04T15:58:23","date_gmt":"2019-06-04T13:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/?p=15992"},"modified":"2019-06-04T20:42:30","modified_gmt":"2019-06-04T18:42:30","slug":"marek-kuchcinski-o-wyborach-89-to-byl-poczatek-wielkich-przemian-co-bylo-niemozliwe-stalo-sie-mozliwe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/hu\/wydarzenia\/marek-kuchcinski-o-wyborach-89-to-byl-poczatek-wielkich-przemian-co-bylo-niemozliwe-stalo-sie-mozliwe\/","title":{"rendered":"Marek Kuchci\u0144ski a '89-es v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sokr\u00f3l: Nagy v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok kezdete volt. Ami lehetetlen volt, az lehets\u00e9gess\u00e9 v\u00e1lt!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Andrzej Duda eln\u00f6k, Marek Kuchci\u0144ski, a szejm eln\u00f6ke, Stanis\u0142aw Karczewski, a szen\u00e1tus eln\u00f6ke \u00e9s Mateusz Morawiecki minisztereln\u00f6k a lengyel szen\u00e1tus szabad v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s\u00e1nak 30. \u00e9vfordul\u00f3ja alkalm\u00e1b\u00f3l rendezett \u00fcnneps\u00e9geken sz\u00f3lalt fel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marek Kuchci\u0144ski, a Szejm eln\u00f6ke besz\u00e9de: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harminc \u00e9vvel ezel\u0151tt, <\/strong>A sok\u00e9ves kommunista rabszolgas\u00e1g \u00e9s a teljes nemzeti szuverenit\u00e1s hi\u00e1nya ut\u00e1n haz\u00e1nkban v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sokat tartottak. \u00d6r\u00f6m\u00f6t \u00e9s b\u00fcszkes\u00e9get \u00e9rezt\u00fcnk az akkor el\u00e9rt gy\u0151zelem miatt. B\u00e1r akkoriban a Lengyel K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9ge m\u00e9g nagyon hom\u00e1lyosnak t\u0171nt, ma m\u00e1r vil\u00e1gosan l\u00e1tjuk e v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sok nagy jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eml\u00e9keztetni kell arra, hogy e v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sok lefoly\u00e1sa teljes meglepet\u00e9sk\u00e9nt \u00e9rte a kommunista hat\u00f3s\u00e1gokat, amelyek teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00fck alatt tartott\u00e1k a t\u00f6megt\u00e1j\u00e9koztat\u00e1si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket, hatalmas anyagi b\u00e1zis \u00e1llt rendelkez\u00e9s\u00fckre, \u00e9s gyorsan k\u00e9pesek voltak t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z kik\u00e9pzett funkcion\u00e1riust bevetni saj\u00e1t v\u00e1laszt\u00e1si kamp\u00e1nyuk lebonyol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Ezek csak r\u00e9szben voltak szabad v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sok, mivel az \u00fagynevezett \"kerekasztal\" meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1sai az ellenz\u00e9k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra 35 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos kv\u00f3t\u00e1t biztos\u00edtottak a Szejmben, \u00e9s szabad szen\u00e1tusi v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sokat \u00edrtak el\u0151. Az ellenz\u00e9knek azonban a fent eml\u00edtett meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1s \u00e9rtelm\u00e9ben siker\u00fclt megszereznie az \u00f6sszes k\u00e9pvisel\u0151t a Szejmben, \u00e9s a szen\u00e1tus teljesen mentes\u00fclt a kommunista korm\u00e1ny k\u00e9pvisel\u0151it\u0151l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A hatalmon l\u00e9v\u0151k v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1saival ellent\u00e9tben a v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sok idej\u00e9re a Szolidarit\u00e1s Polg\u00e1ri Bizotts\u00e1gokba t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00fclt f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9gp\u00e1rti k\u00f6r\u00f6knek gyorsan siker\u00fclt a semmib\u0151l szervezeti b\u00e1zist teremteni\u00fck, parlamenti jel\u00f6lteket \u00e1ll\u00edtaniuk \u00e9s gy\u0151ztes v\u00e1laszt\u00e1si kamp\u00e1nyt folytatniuk. A t\u00e1rsadalom hat\u00e1rozottan t\u00e1mogatta a polg\u00e1ri bizotts\u00e1gok \u00e1ltal \u00e1ll\u00edtott jel\u00f6lteket. \u00cdgy a reformok \u00e9s a totalit\u00e1rius rendszer elutas\u00edt\u00e1sa mellett foglalt \u00e1ll\u00e1st. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ez volt a kezdete egy nagy v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1snak<\/strong>. Mi volt\na lehetetlen lehets\u00e9gess\u00e9 v\u00e1lt!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A lengyelorsz\u00e1gi esem\u00e9nyek sz\u00e1mos szomsz\u00e9dos orsz\u00e1gban v\u00e1ltak a v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok mozgat\u00f3rug\u00f3j\u00e1v\u00e1, \u00e9s befoly\u00e1solt\u00e1k a Szovjetuni\u00f3 \u00f6sszeoml\u00e1s\u00e1t is. Viszonylag r\u00f6vid id\u0151 alatt Lengyelorsz\u00e1ggal szomsz\u00e9dos szabad orsz\u00e1gok j\u00f6ttek l\u00e9tre: Litv\u00e1nia, Lettorsz\u00e1g, Feh\u00e9roroszorsz\u00e1g \u00e9s Ukrajna viszonylag r\u00f6vid id\u0151 alatt j\u00f6tt l\u00e9tre. A berlini fal leomlott, \u00e9s N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g egyes\u00fclt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eml\u00e9keztetni kell arra, hogy a j\u00faniusi v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sok megel\u0151zt\u00e9k az orsz\u00e1gunkban a f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9g\u00e9rt folytatott h\u0151sies felkel\u00e9seket. A v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sok ugyanakkor visszat\u00e9r\u00e9st jelentettek a 15. sz\u00e1zadig visszany\u00fal\u00f3 nagy parlamenti hagyom\u00e1nyainkhoz, amelyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a m\u00e1jus 3-i alkotm\u00e1ny k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges eredm\u00e9nynek sz\u00e1m\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa v\u00e9ge \u00f3ta a j\u00faniusi lengyelorsz\u00e1gi v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sokig vezet\u0151 \u00fat hossz\u00fa, \u00e9vtizedekig tart\u00f3, \u00e1ldozatokkal \u00e9s a totalit\u00e1rius hatalom elleni, sajnos gyakran v\u00e9res, egyetemes k\u00fczdelmekkel teli volt. A lengyelek soha nem b\u00e9k\u00fcltek meg a f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9g elveszt\u00e9s\u00e9vel, mivel tiszt\u00e1ban vannak azzal, hogy a Lengyel N\u00e9pk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g korl\u00e1tozott szuverenit\u00e1s\u00fa \u00e1llam volt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ez a helyzet sz\u00e1mos f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9gp\u00e1rti t\u00fcntet\u00e9shez vezetett. 1944-53-ban, a Vihar hadm\u0171velet ut\u00e1n antikommunista felkel\u00e9s volt. 1956-ban olyan esem\u00e9nyekre ker\u00fclt sor, amelyeket a t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szek Pozna\u0144i J\u00fanius n\u00e9ven emlegetnek. Ez nemcsak az els\u0151 nagyszab\u00e1s\u00fa \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos munk\u00e1ssztr\u00e1jk volt, hanem egy helyi felkel\u00e9s is, amelyben t\u00f6bb tucat ember halt meg, \u00e9s amely felgyors\u00edtotta a lengyel okt\u00f3ber esem\u00e9nyeit. Magyarorsz\u00e1g szolidarit\u00e1sb\u00f3l t\u00e1mogatott minket, v\u00e9r\u00e1ldozatot is hozva. Azt\u00e1n 1968 m\u00e1rcius\u00e1ban Vars\u00f3ban \u00e9s m\u00e1s v\u00e1rosokban kommunistaellenes felkel\u00e9sek t\u00f6rtek ki, el\u0151sz\u00f6r a di\u00e1kok \u00e9s az \u00e9rtelmis\u00e9giek, akiket k\u00f6z\u00e9piskol\u00e1sok is t\u00e1mogattak, majd m\u00e1s t\u00e1rsadalmi csoportok is. H\u0151sies tettek k\u00f6vetkeztek, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Ryszard Siwiec \u00f6n\u00e9get\u00e9se. K\u00e9t \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb a munk\u00e1sok Gdyni\u00e1ban, Gda\u0144skban, Szczecinben \u00e9s Elbl\u0105gban sztr\u00e1jkoltak \u00e9s harcoltak. Tov\u00e1bbi antikommunista felkel\u00e9sek t\u00f6rtek ki 1976-ban Radomban \u00e9s Ursusban. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

E tiltakoz\u00e1sok \u00e9s k\u00fczdelmek h\u00e1tter\u00e9ben nagy rem\u00e9nyt jelentett Karol Wojtyla b\u00edboros 1978. okt\u00f3ber 16-i megv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa P\u00e9ter sz\u00e9k\u00e9be. II. J\u00e1nos P\u00e1l nagy p\u00e1pas\u00e1g\u00e1nak kezdet\u00e9t\u0151l fogva befoly\u00e1st gyakorolt Lengyelorsz\u00e1g b\u00e9k\u00e9s \u00e1talakul\u00e1s\u00e1ra; k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen fontos volt a Szentatya els\u0151 zar\u00e1ndok\u00fatja haz\u00e1j\u00e1ba 1979 j\u00fanius\u00e1ban, amelynek sor\u00e1n a Plac Zwyci\u0119stwa, a mai Pi\u0142sudski t\u00e9ren hangzottak el a h\u00edres szavak: \"\u00c9n, a lengyel f\u00f6ld fia, az ezredv\u00e9g m\u00e9ly\u00e9r\u0151l ki\u00e1ltok: Sz\u00e1lljon le a te Lelked, \u00e9s \u00faj\u00edtsa meg a f\u00f6ld sz\u00edn\u00e9t. Ez a f\u00f6ld!\"<\/em>. Eg\u00e9sz zar\u00e1ndok\u00fatja alatt lengyelek milli\u00f3i gy\u0171ltek \u00f6ssze haz\u00e1nk v\u00e1rosaiban \u00e9s falvaiban, hogy r\u00e9szt vegyenek a szentmis\u00e9n. J\u00e1nos P\u00e1l szentbesz\u00e9deiben a nemzeti m\u00e9lt\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00e9s hagyom\u00e1nyok tisztelet\u00e9re sz\u00f3l\u00edtott fel, a t\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9let szabads\u00e1g\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s minden ember alapvet\u0151 jogainak tiszteletben tart\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l besz\u00e9lt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egy \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb, 1980 augusztus\u00e1ban kit\u00f6rtek az eml\u00e9kezetes sztr\u00e1jkok a tengerparton, majd hamarosan az eg\u00e9sz orsz\u00e1gban. Ezek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt j\u00f6tt l\u00e9tre a Szolidarit\u00e1s, a kommunista hatalomt\u00f3l f\u00fcggetlen szakszervezet. Hamarosan a kommunista hatalommal szembeni ellenz\u00e9k egyik f\u0151 k\u00f6zpontj\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt, t\u00edzmilli\u00f3 tagot sz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00f3, er\u0151teljes szervezett\u00e9 n\u0151tte ki mag\u00e1t, \u00e9s intenz\u00edv tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9get kezdett a szabads\u00e1g\u00e9rt \u00e9s az \u00e1llami \u00e9let demokratiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erre v\u00e1laszul december 13-\u00e1n az eg\u00e9sz orsz\u00e1gban stat\u00e1riumot rendeltek el. Ez az \u00e1llamcs\u00edny val\u00f3j\u00e1ban ellenz\u00e9ki aktivist\u00e1k, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a Szolidarit\u00e1s tagjai ellen ir\u00e1nyult. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en t\u00f6bb \u00e9vig tart\u00f3 elnyom\u00e1s k\u00f6vetkezett, amelyet a t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szek lengyel-jaruzelski h\u00e1bor\u00fak\u00e9nt emlegetnek. T\u00f6bb ezer embert tart\u00f3ztattak le, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a Szolidarit\u00e1s vezet\u0151it, akiket intern\u00e1ltak. A tiltakoz\u00f3 megmozdul\u00e1sokat szervez\u0151 munk\u00e1sok \u00e9s di\u00e1kok kem\u00e9ny elnyom\u00e1snak voltak kit\u00e9ve, \u00e9s a munkahelyek lecsendes\u00edt\u00e9se sor\u00e1n - p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a wujeki b\u00e1ny\u00e1ban - embereket \u00f6ltek meg. Felf\u00fcggesztett\u00e9k az ellenz\u00e9ki foly\u00f3iratok kiad\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s valamennyi szakszervezet tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9t. Ennek ellen\u00e9re a t\u00e1rsadalom ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1sa folytat\u00f3dott \u00e9s n\u0151tt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az ellenz\u00e9ki tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g 1989-ig folytat\u00f3dott, sz\u00e1mos \u00e1ldozattal, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Szolidarit\u00e1s k\u00e1pl\u00e1nj\u00e1nak, Jerzy Popie\u0142uszko aty\u00e1nak m\u00e1rt\u00edrhal\u00e1l\u00e1val, akit 1984. okt\u00f3ber 19-\u00e9n W\u0142oc\u0142awekben a biztons\u00e1gi szolg\u00e1lat emberei meggyilkoltak. A folyamatos t\u00e1rsadalmi ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s \u00e9s az orsz\u00e1g roml\u00f3 gazdas\u00e1gi helyzete miatt a kommunista hat\u00f3s\u00e1gok \u00fagy d\u00f6nt\u00f6ttek, hogy az \u00fagynevezett \"kerekasztal\" keret\u00e9ben t\u00e1rgyal\u00e1sokat kezdenek az ellenz\u00e9kkel, amelyek t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a parlamenti v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sokra vonatkoz\u00f3, fent eml\u00edtett meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1sokhoz vezettek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mindezeket a t\u00e9nyeket most fel kell id\u00e9zni,\nhogy m\u00e9g egyszer hangs\u00falyozzuk, milyen nagy \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u00e9st jelentett a j\u00faniusi v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sok\n1989-ben.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mai tal\u00e1lkoz\u00f3nk a lengyel szabads\u00e1g \u00fcnnepe. Ez a demokr\u00e1cia nagyszer\u0171 \u00fcnnepe. Ma Lengyelorsz\u00e1g biztons\u00e1gban van, \u00e9s a t\u00f6bbi k\u00f6z\u00e9p- \u00e9s kelet-eur\u00f3pai orsz\u00e1ghoz hasonl\u00f3an mi is csak a k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6s bizalom, a szoros egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s \u00e9s a szolidarit\u00e1s felt\u00e9telei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt l\u00e9tezhet\u00fcnk. Ma Eur\u00f3pa e r\u00e9sz\u00e9n sz\u00e1mos orsz\u00e1got egyes\u00edt az Eur\u00f3pai Uni\u00f3 \u00e9s a NATO. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A j\u00faniusi v\u00e1laszt\u00e1sok, amelyek a nemzetek gy\u00f6ny\u00f6r\u0171, csod\u00e1latos \u00e9s mindenekel\u0151tt v\u00e9r n\u00e9lk\u00fcli eur\u00f3pai \u0151sz\u00e9nek kezdet\u00e9t jelentett\u00e9k, megv\u00e1ltoztatt\u00e1k Lengyelorsz\u00e1g \u00e9s az eg\u00e9sz kontinens arculat\u00e1t. Ez a hidegh\u00e1bor\u00fa v\u00e9g\u00e9t, a vasf\u00fcgg\u00f6ny v\u00e9gleges lebont\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a jaltai rend \u00f6sszeoml\u00e1s\u00e1t jelentette. A Gonosz Birodalma, a Szovjetuni\u00f3 sz\u00e9tes\u0151ben volt, \u00e9s ez egy visszaford\u00edthatatlan folyamat volt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6r\u00fcl\u00f6k, hogy ma egy\u00fctt \u00fcnnepelj\u00fck a demokr\u00e1cia e nagy napj\u00e1t, a Lengyelorsz\u00e1g \u00e9s Eur\u00f3pa sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra \u00f3ri\u00e1si jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 esem\u00e9nyek 30. \u00e9vfordul\u00f3j\u00e1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fot\u00f3: Marta Olejnik<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Podczas uroczysto\u015bci zwi\u0105zanych z obchodami 30. rocznicy wolnych wybor\u00f3w do Senatu RP g\u0142os zabrali prezydent Andrzej Duda, marsza\u0142ek Sejmu Marek Kuchci\u0144ski, marsza\u0142ek Senatu Stanis\u0142aw Karczewski oraz premier Mateusz Morawiecki. Przem\u00f3wienie marsza\u0142ka Sejmu Marka Kuchci\u0144skiego: Trzydzie\u015bci lat temu, w naszym kraju, mia\u0142y miejsce wybory, kt\u00f3re po d\u0142ugich latach komunistycznego zniewolenia i braku pe\u0142nej suwerenno\u015bci pa\u0144stwa, sta\u0142y […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":16046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wazne-daty","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\nMarek Kuchci\u0144ski o wyborach '89: To by\u0142 pocz\u0105tek wielkich przemian. 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