{"id":19258,"date":"2020-06-03T21:50:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-03T19:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marek2.rkartist.pl\/?p=19258"},"modified":"2020-07-08T21:55:00","modified_gmt":"2020-07-08T19:55:00","slug":"15982-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/cs\/wydarzenia\/15982-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\"Jak vy\u0161krtnout protivn\u00edka\" - Volby '89"},"content":{"rendered":"
Rok 1989 byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve znamen\u00ed \u010dervnov\u00fdch voleb. I kdy\u017e nebyly zcela svobodn\u00e9 a i kdy\u017e zahrnovaly mnoho kompromis\u016f, p\u0159esto p\u0159inesly velkou nad\u011bji a energii. V protikomunistick\u00e9m Przemy\u015blu nebyl probl\u00e9m se sb\u011brem podpis\u016f pro listinu Solidarita. Navzdory pochybnostem o dohod\u011b u kulat\u00e9ho stolu lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee p\u0159ijdou nov\u00e9, dobr\u00e9 \u010dasy. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nechu\u0165 hlasovat ve zmanipulovan\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch do komunistick\u00e9ho parlamentu vyst\u0159\u00eddalo nad\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee v parlamentu kone\u010dn\u011b zasednou nov\u00ed lid\u00e9. Kandid\u00e1ti strany Solidarita m\u011bli program, o kter\u00e9m se mluvilo doma, v pr\u00e1ci i na ulici. Na seznamu nesouc\u00edm dech svobody byli lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1vali nad\u011bji, \u017ee polsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, dosud pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd SSSR, z\u00edsk\u00e1 dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1vanou svobodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marek Kami\u0144ski, p\u0159edseda Region\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 komise NSZZ Solidarita v Przemy\u015blu, byl N\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdkonnou komis\u00ed zav\u00e1z\u00e1n, aby spole\u010dn\u011b s m\u00edstn\u00ed Solidaritou samostatn\u011b hospoda\u0159\u00edc\u00edch roln\u00edk\u016f zalo\u017eil Ob\u010dansk\u00fd v\u00fdbor Solidarita pro Przemy\u0161lsk\u00e9 vojvodstv\u00ed. Spolu s vedouc\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 solidarity Janem Karusem pozval 15 lid\u00ed, mezi nimi i Marka Kuchci\u0144sk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lid\u00e9, program v\u0161ak nen\u00ed v\u0161echno. Star\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady se pevn\u011b dr\u017eely. M\u011bla plnou kontrolu nad st\u00e1tn\u00edmi m\u00e9dii, nad cel\u00fdm propagandistick\u00fdm apar\u00e1tem. Aby se k lidem dostalo poselstv\u00ed za nez\u00e1vislost, muselo se dostat p\u0159\u00edmo na ulici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
- V \u010dervnu 1989 byl Przemy\u015bl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u011bstem, kter\u00e9 bylo nejv\u00edce polepeno volebn\u00edmi plak\u00e1ty a transparenty opozi\u010dn\u00ed Solidarity v cel\u00e9m Polsku - vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 Marek Kuchci\u0144ski. - Od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f kampan\u011b prob\u00edhala ve m\u011bstech a vesnic\u00edch plak\u00e1tovac\u00ed v\u00e1lka - na m\u00edst\u011b zni\u010den\u00fdch plak\u00e1t\u016f a transparent\u016f se objevovaly nov\u00e9, obvykle v noci, a n\u011bkdy byl \u00fa\u0159ad v Przemy\u015blu obl\u00e9h\u00e1n skupinami mlad\u00fdch distributor\u016f, \u010dasto d\u011bt\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed balili plak\u00e1ty a let\u00e1ky do batoh\u016f. Jeden z let\u00e1k\u016f, takzvan\u00fd \"jak vy\u0161krtnout sv\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka\", byl v na\u0161\u00ed podzemn\u00ed tisk\u00e1rn\u011b rozmno\u017een v n\u00e1kladu 300 000 v\u00fdtisk\u016f. V takov\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e protivn\u00edk, jeho\u017e koali\u010dn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 \u00fadajn\u011b vedl cenzor z Przemy\u015blu, nejen\u017ee nem\u011bl \u0161anci na v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, ale nav\u00edc se kompromitoval t\u00edm, \u017ee se sna\u017eil p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit voli\u010de slavnostmi oblo\u017een\u00fdmi pivem a klob\u00e1sou, kter\u00e9 se rozd\u00e1valy za 'podpis podpory', a vymy\u0161len\u00fdmi a \u0161ablonovit\u011b namalovan\u00fdmi hesly typu 'koalice mus\u00ed vyhr\u00e1t, aby Polsko neprohr\u00e1lo',\" p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 mar\u0161\u00e1lek Sejmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159emyslovsk\u00e9 domy, obchody a kiosky Ruchu doslova zmizely pod vylepen\u00fdmi plak\u00e1ty. Byla to skute\u010dn\u00e1 bitva. Ve volebn\u00edm \u0161t\u00e1bu se m\u00edsto skute\u010dn\u00e9ho lepidla m\u00edchala voda s moukou. Des\u00edtky lid\u00ed vy\u0161ly do ulic a sna\u017eily se vyv\u011bsit let\u00e1ky na nejviditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech. Nebylo to snadn\u00e9. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed majitel\u00e9 obchod\u016f se b\u00e1li \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, sami strhli plak\u00e1ty a zavolali policii. Ve m\u011bst\u011b se objevily bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hl\u00eddky a plak\u00e1ty zni\u010dily. Ze 4 tis\u00edc transparent\u016f a transparent\u016f Solidarity jich strhli asi 3 tis\u00edce! Byly tak\u00e9 strh\u00e1v\u00e1ny vlajky Solidarity a lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se vyd\u00e1vali za zam\u011bstnance obchodn\u00edho odboru radnice, nutili mana\u017eery a majitele obchod\u016f sundat z v\u00fdloh plak\u00e1ty strany svobody. Volebn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed Solidarity byla zni\u010dena tak\u00e9 v Jaroslawi, Przeworsku a Lubaczow\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve volebn\u00ed kampani ob\u010dansk\u00fd v\u00fdbor vsadil na osv\u011btu v ter\u00e9nu a otev\u0159enost v\u016f\u010di ob\u010dan\u016fm. Zapojila se do n\u011bj inteligence, kulturn\u00ed lid\u00e9 a c\u00edrkev. Solidarita byla prezentov\u00e1na jako harmonick\u00fd t\u00fdm se spole\u010dn\u00fdmi c\u00edli. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo rozd\u011blen\u00ed, bylo nominov\u00e1no tolik kandid\u00e1t\u016f, kolik bylo m\u00edst. Pro ob\u010dany zvykl\u00e9 volit \"jedin\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta\" z PZPR p\u0159ipravil KO tak\u00e9 n\u00e1vody, jak volit. Volebn\u00ed bulletiny mimo jin\u00e9 apelovaly na ob\u010dany, aby podpo\u0159ili opozici, proto\u017ee \"jim to dlu\u017e\u00edte, proto\u017ee jejich podpora znamen\u00e1 konec vra\u017ed, politick\u00fdch zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, utrpen\u00ed...\". .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Plak\u00e1tov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka vyvrcholila v noci p\u0159ed volbami. Strana Solidarita byla odhodlan\u00e1. Celou noc, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 a\u017e do sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, se lid\u00e9 pl\u00ed\u017eili v zapadl\u00fdch uli\u010dk\u00e1ch, pod okny a na dvorc\u00edch a tajn\u011b vylepovali volebn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed. Velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta, nap\u0159\u00edklad Var\u0161ava, dostala slavn\u00e9 plak\u00e1ty se \u0161erifem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 m\u00edsto hv\u011bzdy v klop\u011b odznak Solidarity. Do Przemy\u015blu v\u0161ak nedorazila. M\u00edsto toho se objevily dal\u0161\u00ed let\u00e1ky a ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, vyv\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 v\u0161ude, kde se dalo. Byly tak\u00e9 zav\u011b\u0161eny tam, kde nemohly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V ned\u011bli 4. \u010dervna 1989 brzy r\u00e1no byly otev\u0159eny volebn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti. Volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast nebyla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 - v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 milion\u016f Pol\u00e1k\u016f z 27 milion\u016f opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f se voleb nez\u00fa\u010dastnilo. Byl to d\u016fsledek postupuj\u00edc\u00ed apatie spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 nev\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee volby mohou n\u011bco zm\u011bnit. N\u00e1lada v cel\u00e9 zemi byla klidn\u00e1 a nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm nepokoj\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Opozice, od\u0159\u00edznut\u00e1 od volebn\u00edch m\u00edstnost\u00ed a s p\u016flhodinov\u00fdm vys\u00edlac\u00edm \u010dasem t\u00fddn\u011b, nev\u011b\u0159ila, co se stane: ze 161 k\u0159esel v Sejmu, kter\u00e1 byla k dispozici ve svobodn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, z\u00edskala 160 v prvn\u00edm kole a zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed kandid\u00e1t postoupil do druh\u00e9ho kola. Ze 100 k\u0159esel v Sen\u00e1tu jich kandid\u00e1ti Solidarity v prvn\u00edm kole obsadili 92. V P\u0159emy\u0161lsk\u00e9m vojvodstv\u00ed se do parlamentu dostali \u010dty\u0159i kandid\u00e1ti: Jan Musia\u0142 a Tadeusz Ulma do Sen\u00e1tu, Tadeusz Trelka a Janusz Onyszkiewicz do Sejmu. Navzdory obrovsk\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 podpo\u0159e byla Solidarita p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e1 na to, aby sama udr\u017eela ot\u011b\u017ee moci. Navzdory dlouholet\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed nebyli lid\u00e9 ze Solidarity schopni n\u00e9st b\u0159emeno zm\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marek Kami\u0144ski dnes \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: Oce\u0148uji nekrvav\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh voleb, ale p\u0159i takov\u00e9 s\u00edle, p\u0159evaze a spole\u010densk\u00e9 podpo\u0159e by si Solidarita m\u011bla kl\u00e1st podm\u00ednky. Toho velmi lituji. Solidarita byla slab\u00e1 a ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 komunisty. Tak\u00e9 jsme si nev\u0161imli Wilczekova hnut\u00ed v roce 85. Postavili sv\u00e9 lidi do \u0159ady, zatla\u010dili tajnou policii do firem. P\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Walesou, kter\u00e9ho jsme tehdy pova\u017eovali za jedin\u00e9ho v\u016fdce, jsem si nikdy nep\u0159edstavoval, \u017ee by to byli lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed by se spojili s komunisty. Styd\u00edm se, \u017ee jsem s nimi tehdy sed\u011bl. Cht\u011bli jsme nez\u00e1vislost, Polsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 republika nebyla nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm polsk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem. Jak jsme se m\u011bli c\u00edtit, kdy\u017e jsme zvolili Jaruzelsk\u00e9ho polsk\u00fdm prezidentem? - \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Kami\u0144ski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jan Karu\u015b, \u0161\u00e9f organizace Solidarno\u015b\u0107 Rolnicza (Solidarita zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f), tak\u00e9 hovo\u0159\u00ed o ud\u00e1lostech po roce 1989 v depresivn\u00edm t\u00f3nu a poukazuje na politick\u00e9 h\u00e1dky a zmocn\u011bn\u00ed se n\u00e1rodn\u00edho majetku komunisty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neusp\u011bli ani zvolen\u00ed poslanci a sen\u00e1to\u0159i. Marek Kuchci\u0144ski psal v \u010dl\u00e1nku Spojrzenia Przemyskie (Pohledy z Przemy\u0161le) z prosince 1989 o nespokojenosti a netrp\u011blivosti spole\u010dnosti, kterou \u00fa\u0159ady ignoruj\u00ed, o nedostatku inteligence a bezradnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nikdo v\u0161ak t\u00e9to snahy nelituje. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161li 4. \u010dervna k volb\u00e1m, cht\u011bli jednodu\u0161e svrhnout komunismus. Poda\u0159ilo se jim to, ale zm\u011bna nep\u0159i\u0161la snadno a my st\u00e1le skl\u00edz\u00edme plody tehdej\u0161\u00edho zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Po roce 89 jsme za\u010dali p\u0159eb\u00edrat odpov\u011bdnost za st\u00e1t: na \u00farovni samospr\u00e1v, st\u00e1tn\u00edch a m\u00edstn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Zp\u011btn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee jsme ud\u011blali v\u0161e, co bylo v t\u00e9 dob\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9. O\u010dek\u00e1vali jsme zm\u011bny ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci a byli jsme zklam\u00e1ni, ale to n\u00e1s neodradilo od pr\u00e1ce. Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu to vypad\u00e1 trochu jinak: mal\u00e1 skupina lid\u00ed dok\u00e1zala z\u00e1zraky a bojovala s komunismem jako David s Goli\u00e1\u0161em - p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Marek Kuchci\u0144ski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marta Olejnik<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rok 1989 se nesl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve znamen\u00ed \u010dervnov\u00fdch voleb. I kdy\u017e nebyly zcela svobodn\u00e9 a byly spojeny s mnoha kompromisy, p\u0159esto p\u0159inesly velkou nad\u011bji a energii. V protikomunisticky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00edm Przemy\u015blu nebyl probl\u00e9m se sb\u011brem podpis\u016f pro listinu Solidarita. Navzdory pochybnostem o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed kulat\u00e9ho stolu lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed nov\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 \u010dasy. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed neochota volit [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":15986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,77,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-podkarpacie","category-wazne-daty","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\n
"Jak skre\u015bli\u0107 przeciwnika" - wybory '89 – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/cs\/wydarzenia\/15982-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""Jak skre\u015bli\u0107 przeciwnika" - wybory '89 – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rok 1989 to przede wszystkim wybory czerwcowe. Cho\u0107 nie w pe\u0142ni wolne, cho\u0107 zwi\u0105zane z wieloma kompromisami, to jednak nios\u0105ce ogromn\u0105 nadziej\u0119 i energi\u0119. W nastawionym antykomunistycznie Przemy\u015blu nie by\u0142o problem\u00f3w ze zbiorem podpis\u00f3w pod solidarno\u015bciow\u0105 list\u0105. Mimo w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci co do ustale\u0144 okr\u0105g\u0142ego sto\u0142u, ludzie wierzyli, \u017ce nadejd\u0105 nowe, dobre czasy. 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