{"id":19168,"date":"2020-04-22T17:17:26","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T15:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marek2.rkartist.pl\/?p=19168"},"modified":"2021-03-12T21:05:06","modified_gmt":"2021-03-12T20:05:06","slug":"jak-polak-z-wegrem-epidemie-powstrzymywali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/cs\/wydarzenia\/jak-polak-z-wegrem-epidemie-powstrzymywali\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak Pol\u00e1k a Ma\u010far zastavili epidemii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pol\u00e1k, Ma\u010far, dva synovci. A na boj s nemocemi a sklenici plnou vitam\u00edn\u016f. Podivn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy Kazimierz Funk a Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi <\/strong>jsou aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed i dnes, kdy \u010del\u00edme epidemii nov\u00e9ho koronaviru...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trnka v kv\u011btu, Podkarpatsk\u00e1 oblast<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00daloha vitam\u00edn\u016f je v modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b \u010dasto zleh\u010dov\u00e1na. Kdy\u017e m\u00e1me modern\u00ed l\u00e9ky, vakc\u00edny a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, maj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd v\u00fdznam vitam\u00edny, o kter\u00fdch se nesm\u00ed \u0159\u00edkat, \u017ee l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed? Zapom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee jsou nejen d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, ale i nezbytn\u00e9! Bez nich nen\u00ed na\u0161e t\u011blo schopno spr\u00e1vn\u011b fungovat. P\u0159edstavte si na\u0161e t\u011blo jako velk\u00fd stroj, kter\u00fd pot\u0159ebuje palivo. Nesta\u010d\u00ed v\u0161ak jen nal\u00edt energii (sacharidy) a p\u0159idat n\u011bjak\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed kameny, aby se st\u011bny nezhroutily (b\u00edlkoviny). Aby tento stroj fungoval, pot\u0159ebuje spoustu dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f energie. mimo jin\u00e9 vitam\u00edny. Jedn\u00e1 se o chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 na\u0161e t\u011blo vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k regulaci mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch proces\u016f. Jejich \u00faloha je \u010dasto velmi slo\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee vitamin se po vstupu do t\u011bla rychle p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na jinou slou\u010deninu, tato slou\u010denina vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 specifickou reakci, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje produkci dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tky, a tak d\u00e1le. Odborn\u00edci proto hovo\u0159\u00ed o metabolick\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch, tj. drah\u00e1ch, po kter\u00fdch putuje (nap\u0159\u00edklad) vitamin, pouze ve zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b. Neb\u00fdt polsk\u00e9ho badatele Kazimierze Funka, mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom o tom st\u00e1le v\u011bd\u011bli jen velmi m\u00e1lo. D\u00edky Funkovi sv\u011bt v\u016fbec sly\u0161el slovo \"vitamin\". Vytvo\u0159il ji, kdy\u017e objevil dosud nezn\u00e1mou l\u00e1tku. Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee Funk nebyl oby\u010dejn\u00fd v\u011bdec. Jeho touha po v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed byla tak velk\u00e1 a jeho schopnosti tak p\u016fsobiv\u00e9, \u017ee rychle stoupal po \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku v\u011bdeck\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry v p\u0159edn\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch instituc\u00edch. Ji\u017e v 16 letech opustil Var\u0161avu a za\u010dal studovat biologii v \u017denev\u011b. V roce 1900 vystudoval chemii na univerzit\u011b v Bernu. Ve 20 letech u\u017e m\u011bl doktor\u00e1t a vydal se do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. Z Pasteurova \u00fastavu se p\u0159esunul do laborato\u0159e v Berl\u00edn\u011b, a kdy\u017e mu i tam chyb\u011bly nov\u00e9 poznatky, ode\u0161el do Lond\u00fdna. V Listerov\u011b institutu preventivn\u00ed medic\u00edny pracuje s dal\u0161\u00edm Pol\u00e1kem. Ludwik Rajchman<\/strong>. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed epidemie beri-beri v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohro\u017eovala mnoho zem\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v tropech, a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci tvrdili, \u017ee je to zp\u016fsobeno stravou s p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem b\u00edlkovin. Probl\u00e9m se \u010dasto t\u00fdkal lid\u00ed, jejich\u017e j\u00eddlo se skl\u00e1dalo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z loupan\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee. Funk se na t\u00e9to vln\u011b nesvezl. Zkoumal tak\u00e9 zrna, ale ne ta, kter\u00e1 jedli lid\u00e9 (up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, byli to i pt\u00e1ci, proto\u017ee pokusy se prov\u00e1d\u011bly na lidech a ku\u0159atech), ale to, co z\u016fstalo po vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee: otruby. Izoloval v nich podivnou l\u00e1tku. Obsahoval aminoskupinu. Uv\u011bdomoval si, \u017ee tato skupina je \u017eivotod\u00e1rn\u00e1 a \u017ee jej\u00ed vy\u0159azen\u00ed ze stravy by vedlo k poruch\u00e1m. Spojil tedy slova \"amin\" (dus\u00edk z aminov\u00e9 skupiny) a \"vite\" \u017eivot. Spole\u010dn\u011b s Rajchmanem publikovali \u010dl\u00e1nek, ve kter\u00e9m se poprv\u00e9 objevilo slovo \"vitamine\", co\u017e znamen\u00e1 vitam\u00edn. L\u00e1tku z otrub l\u00e9pe prozkoumal Funk a nakonec ji pojmenoval vitamin B, kde \"b\" poch\u00e1z\u00ed z beri-beri. Jak\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br z toho m\u016f\u017eeme vyvodit v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b? Mimo jin\u00e9 i to, \u017ee nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin n\u00e1m ned\u011bl\u00e1 dob\u0159e. Vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 zrna jsou zbavena d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. R\u00fd\u017ee bez obalu (otrub) je chud\u00e1 na vitamin B1. Sv\u011bt v\u011bdy d\u00edky Funkovi pochopil, \u017ee p\u0159i anal\u00fdze potravin je t\u0159eba se na n\u011b d\u00edvat pe\u010dliv\u011bji. Dnes m\u016f\u017eeme o B1 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed srdce;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu; - p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k udr\u017een\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edho metabolismu; - p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k udr\u017een\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edch psychick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A to je koneckonc\u016f p\u0159\u00edklad pouze jednoho vitaminu pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edho do cel\u00e9 skupiny B. Funk spustil lavinu. Na t\u00e9ma vitam\u00edn\u016f se za\u010dalo objevovat st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. Ukazuje se, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich si n\u00e1\u0161 stroj dok\u00e1\u017ee vyrobit s\u00e1m, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 mus\u00ed z\u00edskat zven\u010d\u00ed. Tak je tomu nap\u0159\u00edklad u vitaminu C. \u010clov\u011bk je jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f na Zemi, kter\u00fd si ho nedok\u00e1\u017ee vyrobit s\u00e1m. A oni ji pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Podle jednomysln\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru v\u011bdc\u016f p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm pro n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed funkce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v: - ochrana bun\u011bk p\u0159ed oxida\u010dn\u00edm stresem; - spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 tvorba kolagenu pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 funkce c\u00e9v, kost\u00ed, chrupavek, d\u00e1sn\u00ed, k\u016f\u017ee, zub\u016f; - spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 funkce nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu; - spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 funkce imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu; - udr\u017een\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edch psychick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- regenerace redukovan\u00e9 formy vitaminu E; - spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 \u010dinnost srdce; - spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 \u010dinnost nervov\u00e9 soustavy; - udr\u017een\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch psychick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed; - zvy\u0161uje vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza; - p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k udr\u017een\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pocitu \u00fanavy a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed; - p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k udr\u017een\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edho energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fd\u010det je impozantn\u00ed a je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee je to jen \u0161pi\u010dka ledovce, kterou tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed vitaminu C, kter\u00fd chemici naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed kyselina l-askorbov\u00e1. Mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom o t\u00e9to kyselin\u011b nic nev\u011bd\u011bli, neb\u00fdt dal\u0161\u00edch dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f a ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho v\u011bdce: Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi. Op\u011bt se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1lka. nejen s nemocemi, ale i ta skute\u010dn\u00e1. B1 by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b trvalo d\u00e9le, ne\u017e by se poda\u0159ilo zdecimovat civilisty, kdyby nebylo probl\u00e9mu s vojensk\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi, jejich\u017e pos\u00e1dky um\u00edraly je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e dorazily na boji\u0161t\u011b. Beri-beri nebyla jedinou v\u00fdzvou. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci se tak\u00e9 pot\u00fdkali s kurd\u011bjemi. P\u0159\u00edznaky byly o\u0161kliv\u00e9: krv\u00e1cely jim d\u00e1sn\u011b, vypad\u00e1valy vlasy a nehty, oby\u010dejn\u00e9 nachlazen\u00ed mohlo oslaben\u00e9 t\u011blo zab\u00edt. Ha! Nyn\u00ed je pro n\u00e1s snaz\u0161\u00ed naj\u00edt odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, co to mohlo zp\u016fsobit. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me o n\u011bkolik odstavc\u016f v\u00fd\u0161e, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee fungov\u00e1n\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu k\u016f\u017ee, d\u00e1sn\u00ed a zub\u016f souvis\u00ed s vitaminem C. Jen\u017ee na za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed nikdo takov\u00fd seznam nem\u011bl. Lid\u00e9 v\u016fbec nev\u011bd\u011bli, co je to vitamin C. Teprve d\u00edky ma\u010farsk\u00e9mu v\u011bdci se poda\u0159ilo zjistit mechanismus jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed. V roce 1928 z\u00edskal Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi b\u011bhem pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu z extrakt\u016f nadledvinek, zel\u00ed a pomeran\u010d\u016f slou\u010deninu, kterou nazval kyselina hexauronov\u00e1 (pozd\u011bji pojmenovan\u00e1 vitamin C). Od nemoci je odvozen i jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev. Kyselina hexauronov\u00e1 byla nahrazena n\u00e1zvem kyselina l-askorbov\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, aby se zd\u016fraznila souvislost s antiskorbov\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Za sv\u016fj objev z\u00edskal Ma\u010far v roce 1937 Nobelovu cenu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 postava: Tadeusz Reichstein<\/strong>. Byl to \u0160v\u00fdcar polsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, kter\u00fd jako prvn\u00ed syntetizoval vitamin C. D\u00edky n\u011bmu lze nyn\u00ed vitamin C vyr\u00e1b\u011bt ve velk\u00e9m. Je \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u00fd jako v rostlin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu se d\u0159\u00edve objevilo je\u0161t\u011b jedno jm\u00e9no. Rajchman. Jeho \u00fasp\u011bchy dodnes ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed boj proti epidemi\u00edm na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Rajchmanovi vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme nap\u0159\u00edklad za St\u00e1tn\u00ed hygienick\u00fd \u00fastav (zalo\u017eil jej v roce 1919 jako St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed epidemiologick\u00fd \u00fastav ve Var\u0161av\u011b). Polsk\u00fd v\u011bdec se cht\u011bl o sv\u00e9 poznatky pod\u011blit s cel\u00fdm sv\u011btem. V letech 1920-1921 se tak pod\u00edlel na organizaci Epidemiologick\u00e9 komise Spole\u010dnosti n\u00e1rod\u016f. Stal se tak\u00e9 spoluzakladatelem UNICEF - D\u011btsk\u00e9ho fondu OSN. D\u00edky jeho vytrvalosti a obrovsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci bylo v letech 1948-1951 provedeno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 milion\u016f l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a ve 22 zem\u00edch bylo dod\u00e1no 17 milion\u016f vakc\u00edn proti tuberkul\u00f3ze! Mnoho let str\u00e1vil tak\u00e9 v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kde spoluzakl\u00e1dal l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 a epidemiologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Rajchmana, Funka a Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyiho uzav\u0159el. Pol\u00e1ci a Ma\u010fa\u0159i umo\u017enili sv\u011btu pochopit v\u00fdznam vitam\u00edn\u016f. Rajchman osobn\u011b spoluzakl\u00e1dal \u010d\u00ednskou zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017ebu. Dnes se v \u0158\u00ed\u0161i st\u0159edu jejich \u00fasp\u011bchy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v boji proti koronavir\u016fm. Profylakticky se pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed des\u00edtky tun vitaminu C a v nemocnic\u00edch prob\u00edhaj\u00ed klinick\u00e9 studie l\u00e9\u010dby naka\u017een\u00fdch siln\u00fdmi d\u00e1vkami kyseliny l-askorbov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

text: Marta Olejnik<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pol\u00e1k, Ma\u010far, dva synovci. A na boj s nemocemi a sklenici plnou vitam\u00edn\u016f. Bizarn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy Kazimierze Funka a Alberta Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyiho jsou aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed i dnes, kdy mus\u00edme \u010delit epidemii nov\u00e9ho koronaviru... Role vitam\u00edn\u016f je v modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b \u010dasto bagatelizov\u00e1na. Proto\u017ee m\u00e1me modern\u00ed l\u00e9ky, vakc\u00edny, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, existuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 vitam\u00edny, kter\u00e9 nem\u00e1me [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":19171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,177,50,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-europa-karpat","category-europa-karpat-dyskusja","category-wspolpraca-miedzynarodowa","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\nJak Polak z W\u0119grem epidemi\u0119 powstrzymywali – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/cs\/wydarzenia\/jak-polak-z-wegrem-epidemie-powstrzymywali\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak Polak z W\u0119grem epidemi\u0119 powstrzymywali – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Polak W\u0119gier dwa bratanki. 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