{"id":15992,"date":"2019-06-04T15:58:23","date_gmt":"2019-06-04T13:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/?p=15992"},"modified":"2019-06-04T20:42:30","modified_gmt":"2019-06-04T18:42:30","slug":"marek-kuchcinski-o-wyborach-89-to-byl-poczatek-wielkich-przemian-co-bylo-niemozliwe-stalo-sie-mozliwe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/cs\/wydarzenia\/marek-kuchcinski-o-wyborach-89-to-byl-poczatek-wielkich-przemian-co-bylo-niemozliwe-stalo-sie-mozliwe\/","title":{"rendered":"Marek Kuchci\u0144ski o volb\u00e1ch v roce 89: Byl to za\u010d\u00e1tek velk\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Co bylo nemo\u017en\u00e9, stalo se mo\u017en\u00fdm!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prezident Andrzej Duda, p\u0159edseda Sejmu Marek Kuchci\u0144ski, p\u0159edseda Sen\u00e1tu Stanis\u0142aw Karczewski a premi\u00e9r Mateusz Morawiecki vystoupili na slavnostn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti 30. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed svobodn\u00fdch voleb do polsk\u00e9ho Sen\u00e1tu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Projev p\u0159edsedy Sejmu Marka Kuchci\u0144sk\u00e9ho: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety, <\/strong>Po mnoha letech komunistick\u00e9 poroby a nedostatku pln\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenity se v na\u0161\u00ed zemi konaly volby. Tehdy jsme c\u00edtili radost a hrdost z dosa\u017een\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. A\u010dkoli v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vypadala nez\u00e1vislost Polsk\u00e9 republiky je\u0161t\u011b velmi mlhav\u011b, dnes m\u016f\u017eeme jasn\u011b vid\u011bt velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto voleb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee pr\u016fb\u011bh t\u011bchto voleb byl naprost\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm pro komunistick\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 pln\u011b ovl\u00e1daly masm\u00e9dia, m\u011bly k dispozici obrovskou materi\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu a byly schopny rychle nasadit stovky vy\u0161kolen\u00fdch funkcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, aby vedly vlastn\u00ed volebn\u00ed kampa\u0148. Svobodn\u00e9 volby to byly jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b, proto\u017ee dohody takzvan\u00e9ho \"kulat\u00e9ho stolu\" stanovily opozici 35procentn\u00ed kv\u00f3tu v Sejmu a svobodn\u00e9 volby do Sen\u00e1tu. Opozici se v\u0161ak poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat v\u0161echny poslance Sejmu na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 dohody a Sen\u00e1t se tak zcela zbavil z\u00e1stupc\u016f komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edch kruh\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v dob\u011b voleb sdru\u017eovaly v ob\u010dansk\u00fdch v\u00fdborech Solidarita, se rychle poda\u0159ilo vytvo\u0159it organiza\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu od nuly, nominovat kandid\u00e1ty do parlamentu a v\u00e9st v\u00edt\u011bznou volebn\u00ed kampa\u0148. Spole\u010dnost v\u00fdrazn\u011b podpo\u0159ila kandid\u00e1ty navr\u017een\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi v\u00fdbory. Vyslovila se tak pro reformy a odm\u00edtnut\u00ed totalitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byl to za\u010d\u00e1tek velk\u00e9 zm\u011bny<\/strong>. Co bylo\nnemo\u017en\u00e9 se stalo mo\u017en\u00fdm!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ud\u00e1losti v Polsku se staly impulsem pro zm\u011bny v mnoha sousedn\u00edch zem\u00edch a ovlivnily tak\u00e9 rozpad Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. V pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b vznikly svobodn\u00e9 zem\u011b soused\u00edc\u00ed s Polskem: Litva, Loty\u0161sko, B\u011blorusko a Ukrajina vznikly v relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b. Padla Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 ze\u010f a N\u011bmecko se sjednotilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee \u010dervnov\u00fdm volb\u00e1m p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo hrdinn\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed za nez\u00e1vislost na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b. Volby byly z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1vratem k na\u0161im velk\u00fdm parlamentn\u00edm tradic\u00edm, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do 15. stolet\u00ed a jejich\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm v\u00fddobytkem je \u00dastava 3. kv\u011btna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cesta k \u010dervnov\u00fdm volb\u00e1m v Polsku od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byla dlouh\u00e1, trvala des\u00edtky let, byla pln\u00e1 ob\u011bt\u00ed a v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho boje proti totalitn\u00ed moci, \u010dasto bohu\u017eel krvav\u00e9ho. Pol\u00e1ci se nikdy nesm\u00ed\u0159ili se ztr\u00e1tou nez\u00e1vislosti, proto\u017ee si uv\u011bdomovali, \u017ee Polsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 republika je st\u00e1tem s omezenou suverenitou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato situace vedla k \u0159ad\u011b protest\u016f za nez\u00e1vislost. V letech 1944-53, po operaci Bou\u0159e, do\u0161lo k protikomunistick\u00e9mu povst\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 1956 do\u0161lo k ud\u00e1lostem, kter\u00e9 historici ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako Pozna\u0148sk\u00fd \u010derven. Ne\u0161lo jen o prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou gener\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1vku d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 o m\u00edstn\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e zahynuly des\u00edtky lid\u00ed a kter\u00e9 urychlilo ud\u00e1losti polsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edjna. Ma\u010farsko n\u00e1s solid\u00e1rn\u011b podpo\u0159ilo a tak\u00e9 zaplatilo krvavou ob\u011b\u0165. V b\u0159eznu 1968 pak do\u0161lo ve Var\u0161av\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech k protikomunistick\u00fdm povst\u00e1n\u00edm, nejprve student\u016f a inteligence, kter\u00e9 podpo\u0159ili i st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ci, a pot\u00e9 i dal\u0161\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin. N\u00e1sledovaly hrdinsk\u00e9 \u010diny, nap\u0159\u00edklad sebeup\u00e1len\u00ed Ryszarda Siwiece. O dva roky pozd\u011bji st\u00e1vkovali a bojovali d\u011bln\u00edci v Gdyni, Gda\u0148sku, \u0160t\u011bt\u00edn\u011b a Elbl\u0105gu. Dal\u0161\u00ed protikomunistick\u00e1 povst\u00e1n\u00ed vypukla v roce 1976 v Radomi a Ursusu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na pozad\u00ed t\u011bchto protest\u016f a boj\u016f bylo zvolen\u00ed kardin\u00e1la Karola Wojtyly na Petr\u016fv stolec 16. \u0159\u00edjna 1978 velkou nad\u011bj\u00ed. Od po\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e9ho velk\u00e9ho pontifik\u00e1tu m\u011bl Jan Pavel II. vliv na pokojnou prom\u011bnu Polska; zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 byla prvn\u00ed pou\u0165 Svat\u00e9ho otce do vlasti v \u010dervnu 1979, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Zwyci\u0119stwa, dnes Pi\u0142sudsk\u00e9ho, zazn\u011bla slavn\u00e1 slova: \"J\u00e1, syn polsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, vol\u00e1m z hlubin tis\u00edcilet\u00ed: K\u00e9\u017e sestoup\u00ed tv\u016fj Duch a obnov\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159 zem\u011b. Tato zem\u011b!\"<\/em>. B\u011bhem cel\u00e9 jeho pouti se ve m\u011bstech a vesnic\u00edch na\u0161\u00ed vlasti shrom\u00e1\u017edily miliony Pol\u00e1k\u016f, aby se z\u00fa\u010dastnili m\u0161e svat\u00e9. Jan Pavel II. ve sv\u00fdch homili\u00edch vyz\u00fdval k \u00fact\u011b k n\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti a tradici, hovo\u0159il o svobod\u011b ve spole\u010densk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b a o respektov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O rok pozd\u011bji, v srpnu 1980, vypukly pam\u00e1tn\u00e9 st\u00e1vky na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a brzy i v cel\u00e9 zemi. Jejich v\u00fdsledkem byl vznik odborov\u00e9ho svazu Solidarita, kter\u00fd byl nez\u00e1visl\u00fd na komunistick\u00e9 moci. Brzy se stala jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch center opozice proti komunistick\u00e9 moci, rozrostla se v mocnou organizaci s deseti miliony \u010dlen\u016f a zah\u00e1jila intenzivn\u00ed \u010dinnost za svobodu a demokratizaci st\u00e1tn\u00edho \u017eivota. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V reakci na to bylo 13. prosince v cel\u00e9 zemi vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno stann\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. Tento st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159evrat byl ve skute\u010dnosti nam\u00ed\u0159en proti opozi\u010dn\u00edm aktivist\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dlen\u016f Solidarity. N\u00e1sledovalo n\u011bkolik let repres\u00ed, kter\u00e9 historici ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako polsko-jaruzelskou v\u00e1lku. Tis\u00edce lid\u00ed byly zat\u010deny, v\u010detn\u011b v\u016fdc\u016f Solidarity, kte\u0159\u00ed byli internov\u00e1ni. D\u011bln\u00edci a studenti, kte\u0159\u00ed se pokou\u0161eli organizovat protesty, byli vystaveni tvrd\u00fdm repres\u00edm a p\u0159i pacifikaci pracovi\u0161\u0165, nap\u0159\u00edklad v dole Wujek, byli zabiti lid\u00e9. Bylo pozastaveno vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00edch \u010dasopis\u016f a \u010dinnost v\u0161ech odbor\u016f. P\u0159esto odpor spole\u010dnosti pokra\u010doval a rostl. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opozi\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost pokra\u010dovala a\u017e do roku 1989 a byla poznamen\u00e1na mnoha ob\u011b\u0165mi, nap\u0159\u00edklad mu\u010dednickou smrt\u00ed kaplana Solidarity otce Jerzyho Popie\u0142uszka, kter\u00fd byl zavra\u017ed\u011bn p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky Bezpe\u010dnosti 19. \u0159\u00edjna 1984 ve W\u0142oc\u0142awku. V d\u016fsledku neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho odporu a zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 situace v zemi se komunistick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady rozhodly zah\u00e1jit jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s opozic\u00ed v r\u00e1mci tzv. kulat\u00e9ho stolu, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledkem byla mimo jin\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed o parlamentn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny tyto skute\u010dnosti je nyn\u00ed t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout,\nznovu zd\u016fraznit, jak velk\u00fdm pr\u016flomem byly \u010dervnov\u00e9 volby.\nv roce 1989.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0161e dne\u0161n\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed je oslavou polsk\u00e9 svobody. Je to velk\u00e1 oslava demokracie. Polsko je dnes bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy m\u016f\u017eeme existovat pouze v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bry, \u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce a solidarity. Dnes je mnoho zem\u00ed v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti Evropy spojeno Evropskou uni\u00ed a NATO. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cervnov\u00e9 volby, kter\u00e9 znamenaly za\u010d\u00e1tek kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho, n\u00e1dhern\u00e9ho a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nekrvav\u00e9ho podzimu n\u00e1rod\u016f v Evrop\u011b, zm\u011bnily tv\u00e1\u0159 Polska i cel\u00e9ho kontinentu. Znamenal konec studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, definitivn\u00ed str\u017een\u00ed \u017eelezn\u00e9 opony a zhroucen\u00ed jaltsk\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0158\u00ed\u0161e zla, SSSR, se rozpadala a tento proces byl nezvratn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jsem r\u00e1d, \u017ee dnes spole\u010dn\u011b slav\u00edme tento velk\u00fd den demokracie u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti 30. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly pro Polsko a Evropu obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto: Marta Olejnik<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Podczas uroczysto\u015bci zwi\u0105zanych z obchodami 30. rocznicy wolnych wybor\u00f3w do Senatu RP g\u0142os zabrali prezydent Andrzej Duda, marsza\u0142ek Sejmu Marek Kuchci\u0144ski, marsza\u0142ek Senatu Stanis\u0142aw Karczewski oraz premier Mateusz Morawiecki. Przem\u00f3wienie marsza\u0142ka Sejmu Marka Kuchci\u0144skiego: Trzydzie\u015bci lat temu, w naszym kraju, mia\u0142y miejsce wybory, kt\u00f3re po d\u0142ugich latach komunistycznego zniewolenia i braku pe\u0142nej suwerenno\u015bci pa\u0144stwa, sta\u0142y […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":16046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wazne-daty","category-wydarzenia"],"yoast_head":"\nMarek Kuchci\u0144ski o wyborach '89: To by\u0142 pocz\u0105tek wielkich przemian. Co by\u0142o niemo\u017cliwe \u2013 sta\u0142o si\u0119 mo\u017cliwe! – Marek Kuchci\u0144ski<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marekkuchcinski.pl\/cs\/wydarzenia\/marek-kuchcinski-o-wyborach-89-to-byl-poczatek-wielkich-przemian-co-bylo-niemozliwe-stalo-sie-mozliwe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marek Kuchci\u0144ski o wyborach '89: To by\u0142 pocz\u0105tek wielkich przemian. 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